वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-16, verse-4

भवन्तौ वानरं सैन्यं प्रविश्यानुपलक्षितौ ।
परिमाणं च वीर्यं च ये च मुख्याः प्लवंगमाः ॥४॥

4. bhavantau vānaraṃ sainyaṃ praviśyānupalakṣitau ,
parimāṇaṃ ca vīryaṃ ca ye ca mukhyāḥ plavaṃgamāḥ.

4. bhavantau vānaram sainyam praviśya anupalakṣitau
parimāṇam ca vīryam ca ye ca mukhyāḥ plavaṅgamāḥ

4. bhavantau anupalakṣitau vānaram sainyam praviśya
parimāṇam ca vīryam ca ye ca mukhyāḥ plavaṅgamāḥ

4. You two, having entered the monkey army unnoticed, should ascertain its size and strength, and who are the chief monkeys among them.

Words meanings summery:

• भवन्तौ (bhavantau) - you two

• वानरम् (vānaram) - monkey (army) (monkey, belonging to monkeys)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army (army, host)

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered (having entered, after entering)

• अनुपलक्षितौ (anupalakṣitau) - unnoticed (unnoticed, unobserved)

• परिमाणम् (parimāṇam) - size (number) (measure, extent, quantity, number)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - strength (valor, strength, energy)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ये (ye) - who (who (plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मुख्याः (mukhyāḥ) - chief (chief, principal, foremost)

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (monkeys, jumpers (lit. those who go by jumping))

Words meanings and morphology

भवन्तौ (bhavantau) - you two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhavat

bhavat - you, your honor, being

Present Active Participle

Used as an honorific pronoun for 'you'. From root bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the two ministers, Śuka and Sāraṇa.

वानरम् (vānaram) - monkey (army) (monkey, belonging to monkeys)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey; relating to monkeys

Note: Modifies 'sainyam'.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

Derived from 'senā' (army).

Note: Object of 'praviśya'.

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered (having entered, after entering)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix 'pra' + root 'viś' (to enter) + suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Action preceding the main verb (implied).

अनुपलक्षितौ (anupalakṣitau) - unnoticed (unnoticed, unobserved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of anupalakṣita

anupalakṣita - unobserved, unnoticed, undetected

Past Passive Participle (negated)

From 'an' (not) + 'upalakṣita' (observed, perceived). Root 'lakṣ' with 'upa'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+upalakṣita)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• upalakṣita – observed, perceived, noticed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From upa + lakṣ (to observe)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'bhavantau'.

परिमाणम् (parimāṇam) - size (number) (measure, extent, quantity, number)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parimāṇa

parimāṇa - measure, dimension, quantity, extent, number

From 'pari' + root 'mā' (to measure).

Prefix: pari

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Object of an implied verb like 'to know' or 'to ascertain'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - strength (valor, strength, energy)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, strength, power, energy

Note: Object of an implied verb.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

ये (ye) - who (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of implied 'are'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मुख्याः (mukhyāḥ) - chief (chief, principal, foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mukhya

mukhya - chief, principal, foremost, main

Note: Modifies 'plavaṅgamāḥ'.

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (monkeys, jumpers (lit. those who go by jumping))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey (lit. 'going by leaping')

From 'plava' (leap) + 'gama' (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (plava+gama)

• plava – a leap, jump; swimming; a boat
  noun (masculine)
  From root plu (to float, swim, leap)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving; a goer
  noun (masculine)
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied 'are'.