वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-16, verse-10

ततस्तद्वानरं सैन्यमचिन्त्यं लोमहर्षणम् ।
संख्यातुं नाध्यगच्छेतां तदा तौ शुकसारणौ ॥१०॥

10. tatastadvānaraṃ sainyamacintyaṃ lomaharṣaṇam ,
saṃkhyātuṃ nādhyagacchetāṃ tadā tau śukasāraṇau.

10. tataḥ tat vānaraṃ sainyam acintyam lomaharṣaṇam
saṃkhyātuṃ na adhyagacchetām tadā tau śukasāraṇau

10. tataḥ tadā tau śukasāraṇau tat vānaraṃ sainyam
acintyam lomaharṣaṇam saṃkhyātuṃ na adhyagacchetām

10. Then, at that time, those two, Shuka and Saraṇa, were unable to count that monkey army, which was inconceivable and hair-raising.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previously mentioned army) (that, this)

• वानरं (vānaraṁ) - monkey (adjective)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

• अचिन्त्यम् (acintyam) - inconceivable, unimaginable, immense

• लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, thrilling, awe-inspiring

• संख्यातुं (saṁkhyātuṁ) - to count, enumerate

• न (na) - not, no

• अध्यगच्छेताम् (adhyagacchetām) - they were able (to count) (they were able to go towards, they reached, they comprehended (often implies ability))

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• तौ (tau) - Shuka and Saraṇa (those two)

• शुकसारणौ (śukasāraṇau) - the specific demons Shuka and Saraṇa (Shuka and Saraṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

Originally an ablative ending.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previously mentioned army) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Agrees with 'sainyam'.

वानरं (vānaraṁ) - monkey (adjective)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, belonging to monkeys

Derived from vanara (forest dweller) or vanara (monkey).

Note: Agrees with 'sainyam'.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, military force

Derived from 'senā' (army).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अचिन्त्यम् (acintyam) - inconceivable, unimaginable, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of acintya

acintya - inconceivable, unimaginable, beyond thought

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Negation 'a' + root √cint (to think) + suffix -ya. 'Not to be thought of.'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cintya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• cintya – to be thought, conceivable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From √cint (to think) with suffix -ya.
  Root: √cint (class 10)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'sainyam'.

लोमहर्षणम् (lomaharṣaṇam) - hair-raising, thrilling, awe-inspiring

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of lomaharṣaṇa

lomaharṣaṇa - causing the hair to stand on end, thrilling, awe-inspiring

Compound of 'loman' (hair) and 'harṣaṇa' (causing to stand erect, thrilling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loman+harṣaṇa)

• loman – hair
  noun (neuter)
• harṣaṇa – causing thrill, exciting, making stand erect
  adjective (neuter)
  Causative from √hṛṣ (to be thrilled)
  Root: √hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'sainyam'.

संख्यातुं (saṁkhyātuṁ) - to count, enumerate

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root √khyā (to tell, relate) with upasarga sam- and causative suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: √khyā (class 2)

Note: Object of the verb 'adhyagacchetām'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अध्यगच्छेताम् (adhyagacchetām) - they were able (to count) (they were able to go towards, they reached, they comprehended (often implies ability))

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past potential (vidhiliṅ) of adhi√gam

Optative (Vidhiliṅ)

From root √gam (to go) with upasarga adhi. Third person dual, active voice. Expresses potential or ability in the past.

Prefix: adhi

Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: The optative form implies 'they would not have been able to' or 'they could not'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal stem 'tad'.

Note: Temporal adverb.

तौ (tau) - Shuka and Saraṇa (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Shuka and Saraṇa.

शुकसारणौ (śukasāraṇau) - the specific demons Shuka and Saraṇa (Shuka and Saraṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śukasāraṇa

śukasāraṇa - Shuka and Saraṇa (proper names)

Compound of two proper nouns.

Compound type : dvandva (śuka+sāraṇa)

• śuka – parrot; Shuka (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sāraṇa – a guide; Saraṇa (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence along with 'tau'.