वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-16, verse-11

तत् स्थितं पर्वताग्रेषु निर्दरेषु गुहासु च ।
समुद्रस्य च तीरेषु वनेषूपवनेषु च ॥११॥

11. tat sthitaṃ parvatāgreṣu nirdareṣu guhāsu ca ,
samudrasya ca tīreṣu vaneṣūpavaneṣu ca.

11. tat sthitam parvatāgreṣu nirdareṣu guhāsu
ca samudrasya ca tīreṣu vaneṣu upavaneṣu ca

11. tat sthitam parvatāgreṣu nirdareṣu guhāsu
ca samudrasya ca tīreṣu vaneṣu upavaneṣu ca

11. That army was stationed on mountain peaks, in valleys, and in caves, as well as on the seashores, in forests, and in groves.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that army (sainyam) (that, this)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - stationed, standing, situated

• पर्वताग्रेषु (parvatāgreṣu) - on mountain peaks

• निर्दरेषु (nirdareṣu) - in mountain caves, in valleys, in crevices

• गुहासु (guhāsu) - in caves

• च (ca) - and, also

• समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the sea, ocean

• च (ca) - and, also

• तीरेषु (tīreṣu) - on the shores, banks

• वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in forests, woods

• उपवनेषु (upavaneṣu) - in groves, gardens, small forests

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that army (sainyam) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Refers to the monkey army.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - stationed, standing, situated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, located, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root √sthā (to stand).

Root: √sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicative adjective.

पर्वताग्रेषु (parvatāgreṣu) - on mountain peaks

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of parvatāgra

parvatāgra - mountain peak, summit of a mountain

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parvata+agra)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• agra – front, tip, peak, summit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates location.

निर्दरेषु (nirdareṣu) - in mountain caves, in valleys, in crevices

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of nirdara

nirdara - cave, fissure, cleft, ravine, valley

Compound of 'niḥ' (down/in) + 'dara' (splitting, breaking, opening, cave).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nis+dara)

• nis – out, forth, away, without
  indeclinable
  Prefix for verbal roots or nouns.
• dara – hole, cave, fissure
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dṛ (to split, tear).
  Root: √dṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

गुहासु (guhāsu) - in caves

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of guhā

guhā - cave, cavern, hiding place

From root √guh (to hide).

Root: √guh (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects items in a list.

समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the sea, ocean

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - sea, ocean

'Gathering of waters'. From 'sam' (together) + 'udra' (water).

Note: Possessive, modifies 'tīreṣu'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects items in a list.

तीरेषु (tīreṣu) - on the shores, banks

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of tīra

tīra - shore, bank, edge, coast

Note: Indicates location.

वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in forests, woods

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Indicates location.

उपवनेषु (upavaneṣu) - in groves, gardens, small forests

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of upavana

upavana - grove, garden, park (near a forest)

Compound with upasarga 'upa' (near) + 'vana' (forest).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upa+vana)

• upa – near, beside, secondary
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix indicating proximity.
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates location.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects items in a list.