वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-109, verse-18

मां निवर्तयितुं यो ऽसौ चित्रकूटमुपागतः ।
शिरसा याचतो यस्य वचनं न कृतं मया ॥१८॥

18. māṃ nivartayituṃ yo'sau citrakūṭamupāgataḥ ,
śirasā yācato yasya vacanaṃ na kṛtaṃ mayā.

18. mām nivartayitum yaḥ asau citrakūṭam upāgataḥ
śirasā yācataḥ yasya vacanam na kṛtam mayā

18. yaḥ asau mām nivartayitum citrakūṭam upāgataḥ
yasya śirasā yācataḥ vacanam mayā na kṛtam

18. He who came to Citrakūṭa to persuade me to return, whose plea, made with a bowed head, I did not fulfill.

Words meanings summery:

• माम् (mām) - me, to me (accusative)

• निवर्तयितुम् (nivartayitum) - to turn back, to cause to return, to dissuade from returning

• यः (yaḥ) - Refers to Bharata. (who, which)

• असौ (asau) - Used with `yaḥ` to emphasize 'that very person', referring to Bharata. (that (person), he)

• चित्रकूटम् (citrakūṭam) - The mountain where Rama was in exile. Accusative of destination. (to Citrakūṭa (a mountain))

• उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - having approached, arrived, come near

• शिरसा (śirasā) - implies bowing the head in submission or humility. (with the head, by the head (instrumental))

• याचतः (yācataḥ) - Refers to Bharata, who was pleading. (of the one asking, of the one begging, of the one pleading)

• यस्य (yasya) - Refers to Bharata. (whose, of whom)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, command, plea

• न (na) - not, no

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - not fulfilled, not accepted. (done, made, fulfilled)

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

माम् (mām) - me, to me (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of `nivartayitum`.

निवर्तयितुम् (nivartayitum) - to turn back, to cause to return, to dissuade from returning

(verb)

active, infinitive of nivart

infinitive (causative)

Infinitive of the causative of `nī-vṛt` (to turn, to return). `vṛt` (class 1, ātmanepada) with `ni` prefix. Causative stem `vartayati`.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - Refers to Bharata. (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the clause.

असौ (asau) - Used with `yaḥ` to emphasize 'that very person', referring to Bharata. (that (person), he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, he, she, it (remote demonstrative pronoun)

Remote demonstrative pronoun, nominative singular masculine.

Note: Used anaphorically with `yaḥ`.

चित्रकूटम् (citrakūṭam) - The mountain where Rama was in exile. Accusative of destination. (to Citrakūṭa (a mountain))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of citrakūṭa

citrakūṭa - Citrakūṭa (a mountain range), variegated peak

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (citra+kūṭa)

• citra – bright, clear, variegated, wonderful
  adjective (neuter)
• kūṭa – peak, horn, summit, mass, collection
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of motion `upāgataḥ`.

उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - having approached, arrived, come near

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, arrived, come near

Past Passive Participle (acting as agent)

From `upa-ā-gam` (to approach, to come near) + `kta` suffix.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

शिरसा (śirasā) - implies bowing the head in submission or humility. (with the head, by the head (instrumental))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

Note: Refers to the manner of pleading.

याचतः (yācataḥ) - Refers to Bharata, who was pleading. (of the one asking, of the one begging, of the one pleading)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yācat

yācat - asking, begging, praying, pleading

Present Active Participle

From root `yāc` (to ask, beg) + `śatṛ` suffix.

Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of Bharata when he made his request.

यस्य (yasya) - Refers to Bharata. (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun, genitive singular masculine.

Note: Possessive for `vacanam`.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, command, plea

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, command, plea

Derived from root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of `kṛtam`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the action of `kṛtam`.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - not fulfilled, not accepted. (done, made, fulfilled)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, fulfilled

Past Passive Participle

From root `kṛ` (to do, make) + `kta` suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Agent in passive construction.

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