वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-16, verse-5

न च कार्यो विषादस्ते राघवं प्रति मत्कृते ।
धर्मज्ञश्च कृतज्ञश्च कथं पापं करिष्यति ॥५॥

5. na ca kāryo viṣādaste rāghavaṃ prati matkṛte ,
dharmajñaśca kṛtajñaśca kathaṃ pāpaṃ kariṣyati.

5. na ca kāryaḥ viṣādaḥ te rāghavam prati matkṛte
dharmajñaḥ ca kṛtajñaḥ ca katham pāpam kariṣyati

5. te ca viṣādaḥ na kāryaḥ matkṛte rāghavam prati
dharmajñaḥ ca kṛtajñaḥ ca katham pāpam kariṣyati

5. And you should not be grieved (viṣāda) on my account concerning Rāghava (Rāma). How could he, who understands natural law (dharma) and is grateful, commit a wrongful act?

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be felt/made (should be done, to be performed, duty, action)

• विषादः (viṣādaḥ) - grief, worry (dejection, despondency, sorrow, despair)

• ते (te) - by you (singular, dative/genitive), your

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - to/towards Rāghava (Rāma)

• प्रति (prati) - concerning, regarding (towards, against, concerning, regarding)

• मत्कृते (matkṛte) - for my sake, on my account

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - he who knows dharma, righteous

• च (ca) - and, also

• कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - grateful, he who knows what has been done

• च (ca) - and, also

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• पापम् (pāpam) - wrongful act, transgression (sin, evil, wrong)

• करिष्यति (kariṣyati) - will commit (will do, will make, will perform)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates kāryaḥ.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses or phrases.

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be felt/made (should be done, to be performed, duty, action)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, proper to be done, duty, business, action, effect

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'ṇyat' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of a passive construction meaning 'should not be made'.

विषादः (viṣādaḥ) - grief, worry (dejection, despondency, sorrow, despair)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - dejection, despondency, sorrow, despair, sadness

action noun

From 'vi' (apart, away) + root 'sad' (to sink, sit down).

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

ते (te) - by you (singular, dative/genitive), your

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Enclitic second person singular pronoun.

Note: Agent of the action kāryaḥ.

राघवम् (rāghavam) - to/towards Rāghava (Rāma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rāma

Patronymic from raghu.

Note: Object of the preposition prati.

प्रति (prati) - concerning, regarding (towards, against, concerning, regarding)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/prefix. Governs accusative.

मत्कृते (matkṛte) - for my sake, on my account

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'mat' (my, from asmad) + 'kṛta' (done). Used as an adverbial phrase, with the locative suffix 'e' implying 'for the sake of'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mat+kṛta)

• mat – my, mine, by me (from asmad)
  pronoun
  Ablative/Genitive form of asmad, here used as first part of compound.
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions adverbially.

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - he who knows dharma, righteous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing natural law (dharma), righteous, dutiful

Compound of dharma and jña (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent suffix
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Rāghava).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses or phrases.

कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - grateful, he who knows what has been done

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtajña

kṛtajña - knowing what has been done, grateful, mindful of services

Compound of kṛta (done) and jña (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛta+jña)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent suffix
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Rāghava).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses or phrases.

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

पापम् (pāpam) - wrongful act, transgression (sin, evil, wrong)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, bad, wicked, sin, wrong

करिष्यति (kariṣyati) - will commit (will do, will make, will perform)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of kṛ

Future tense, Active voice

Root 'kṛ' (class 8) + future suffix 'sya' + personal ending.

Root: kṛ (class 8)