वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-65, verse-28

कृच्छ्रात् कृच्छ्रतरं प्राप्य दारुणं सत्यविक्रम ।
व्यसनं जीवितान्ताय प्राप्तमप्राप्य तां प्रियाम् ॥२८॥

28. kṛcchrāt kṛcchrataraṃ prāpya dāruṇaṃ satyavikrama ,
vyasanaṃ jīvitāntāya prāptamaprāpya tāṃ priyām.

28. kṛcchrāt kṛcchrataram prāpya dāruṇam satyavikrama
vyasanam jīvitāntāya prāptam aprāpya tām priyām

28. satyavikrama! kṛcchrāt kṛcchrataram dāruṇam vyasanam prāpya,
tām priyām aprāpya,
jīvitāntāya prāptam

28. O hero of true valor (satyavikrama)! We have encountered one terrible difficulty after another, and now a dreadful calamity has arrived, threatening to end our lives (jīvita), all without having found that beloved (priyā) one.

Words meanings summery:

• कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - after a difficulty (from difficulty, from hardship)

• कृच्छ्रतरम् (kṛcchrataram) - a greater difficulty (more difficult, worse difficulty)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having encountered/endured (having reached, having obtained, having endured)

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, dreadful, cruel

• सत्यविक्रम (satyavikrama) - O hero of true valor (addressing Lakshmana) (O hero of true valor, O one whose prowess is true)

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - calamity, misfortune, distress

• जीवितान्ताय (jīvitāntāya) - threatening to end our lives (for the end of life, leading to the end of life)

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - has arrived (has arrived, has been obtained, has occurred)

• अप्राप्य (aprāpya) - without having found (without having found, not having obtained)

• ताम् (tām) - that (beloved one) (that (feminine))

• प्रियाम् (priyām) - that beloved one (Sita) (beloved, dear one)

Words meanings and morphology

कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - after a difficulty (from difficulty, from hardship)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, painful, hardship, distress

Note: Expresses movement 'from' a difficulty or comparison 'than' a difficulty. Here, 'from' or 'after' difficulty.

कृच्छ्रतरम् (kṛcchrataram) - a greater difficulty (more difficult, worse difficulty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛcchratara

kṛcchratara - more difficult, more painful, worse

Comparative degree of kṛcchra

Note: Accusative singular neuter, object of 'prāpya'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having encountered/endured (having reached, having obtained, having endured)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root √āp 'to obtain, reach' with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used with two accusatives, 'kṛcchrataram' and 'vyasanam' (implied 'that which is difficult'). 'Having reached/suffered a greater difficulty'.

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - terrible, dreadful, cruel

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, cruel, harsh

Note: Modifies 'vyasanam'.

सत्यविक्रम (satyavikrama) - O hero of true valor (addressing Lakshmana) (O hero of true valor, O one whose prowess is true)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of satyavikrama

satyavikrama - one whose valor is true, truly valorous, hero of true might

Bahuvrīhi compound: satya (true) + vikrama (valor/prowess)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vikrama)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, courage, might
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kram 'to step, go' with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Refers to Lakshmana.

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - calamity, misfortune, distress

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, addiction, distress

From root √as 'to throw' with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'prāptam'.

जीवितान्ताय (jīvitāntāya) - threatening to end our lives (for the end of life, leading to the end of life)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of jīvitānta

jīvitānta - end of life, death

Tatpuruṣa compound: jīvita (life) + anta (end)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+anta)

• jīvita – life, livelihood
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  From root √jīv 'to live'
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• anta – end, boundary, limit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Expresses purpose or result.

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - has arrived (has arrived, has been obtained, has occurred)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - reached, obtained, arrived, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root √āp 'to obtain, reach' with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'vyasanam'.

अप्राप्य (aprāpya) - without having found (without having found, not having obtained)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Negative particle 'a-' + prāpya (absolutive from √āp with pra-)

Compound type : negation (a+prāpya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• prāpya – having reached, having obtained
  indeclinable
  absolutive (gerund)
  From root √āp 'to obtain, reach' with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Expresses a condition that was not met before the main event.

ताम् (tām) - that (beloved one) (that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Accusative singular feminine, referring to Sita.

प्रियाम् (priyām) - that beloved one (Sita) (beloved, dear one)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of priyā

priyā - beloved, dear one, wife

Feminine form of priya (dear)

Note: Object of 'aprāpya', refers to Sita.