वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-65, verse-21

अथ तौ समतिक्रम्य क्रोशमात्रे ददर्शतुः ।
महान्तं दारुणं भीमं कबन्धं भुजसंवृतम् ॥२१॥

21. atha tau samatikramya krośamātre dadarśatuḥ ,
mahāntaṃ dāruṇaṃ bhīmaṃ kabandhaṃ bhujasaṃvṛtam.

21. atha tau samatikramya krośamātre dadarśatuḥ
mahāntam dāruṇam bhīmam kabandham bhujasaṃvṛtam

21. atha tau krośamātre samatikramya mahāntam
dāruṇam bhīmam bhujasaṃvṛtam kabandham dadarśatuḥ

21. Then, after they had gone about a krośa (distance unit, approximately 3.5 km), the two brothers saw a huge, dreadful, terrifying Kabandha, encircled by his arms.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, next, now

• तौ (tau) - Refers to Rama and Lakṣmaṇa (the two brothers). (those two, they (dual))

• समतिक्रम्य (samatikramya) - having passed over, having gone beyond

• क्रोशमात्रे (krośamātre) - at the measure of a krośa, after a distance of a krośa

• ददर्शतुः (dadarśatuḥ) - they two saw

• महान्तम् (mahāntam) - huge, great

• दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - dreadful, terrible

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - terrifying, formidable

• कबन्धम् (kabandham) - Kabandha, the name of a headless demon in the Rāmāyaṇa. (a trunk (headless body), Kabandha (proper noun))

• भुजसंवृतम् (bhujasaṁvṛtam) - encircled by (his) arms

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, next, now

(indeclinable)

Particle introducing a new topic or sequence.

तौ (tau) - Refers to Rama and Lakṣmaṇa (the two brothers). (those two, they (dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, him, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of `dadarśatuḥ`.

समतिक्रम्य (samatikramya) - having passed over, having gone beyond

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From `sam-ati-kram` (to go over, pass beyond) + `lyap` suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Describes an action performed by `tau`.

क्रोशमात्रे (krośamātre) - at the measure of a krośa, after a distance of a krośa

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of krośamātra

krośamātra - measure of a krośa, a distance of a krośa (approx. 3.5 km)

Compound `krośa` (a measure of distance) + `mātra` (measure, extent). Tatpuruṣa.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (krośa+mātra)

• krośa – a cry, shout, a distance measured by the range of a cry (approx. 3.5 km)
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kruś` (to cry, shout).
  Root: kruś (class 1)
• mātra – measure, extent, quantity; mere, only
  noun (neuter)
  From root `mā` (to measure) + `tra` suffix.
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the distance covered.

ददर्शतुः (dadarśatuḥ) - they two saw

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect tense, third person dual.

Reduplicated perfect form of root `dṛś`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The verb for the subject `tau`.

महान्तम् (mahāntam) - huge, great

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, enormous

Originally a Present Active Participle from root `mah` (to be great), but used as an adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Modifies `kabandham`.

दारुणम् (dāruṇam) - dreadful, terrible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, fearful, harsh

Derived from root `dṝ` (to tear) or `dāru` (wood, suggesting rough nature).

Root: dṝ (class 9)

Note: Modifies `kabandham`.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - terrifying, formidable

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, dreadful, formidable, inspiring fear

From root `bhī` (to fear) + `ma` suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Modifies `kabandham`.

कबन्धम् (kabandham) - Kabandha, the name of a headless demon in the Rāmāyaṇa. (a trunk (headless body), Kabandha (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kabandha

kabandha - a headless trunk, a barrel, a monster (proper noun: Kabandha)

Can be interpreted as a Bahuvrīhi compound 'ka' (head) + 'bandha' (bound, without), implying 'headless', or simply a proper name.

Note: Object of `dadarśatuḥ`.

भुजसंवृतम् (bhujasaṁvṛtam) - encircled by (his) arms

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhujasaṃvṛta

bhujasaṁvṛta - encircled by arms, enveloped by arms

Past Passive Participle (as part of compound)

Tatpuruṣa compound `bhuja` (arm) + `saṃvṛta` (enclosed, covered).

Compound type : Instrumental Tatpuruṣa (bhuja+saṃvṛta)

• bhuja – arm
  noun (masculine)
  From root `bhuj` (to bend, enjoy) + `a` suffix.
  Root: bhuj (class 7)
• saṃvṛta – covered, enclosed, surrounded, restrained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `sam-vṛ` (to cover, enclose) + `kta` suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies `kabandham`.