वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-57, verse-8

सा तमार्तस्वरं श्रुत्वा तव स्नेहेन मैथिली ।
गच्छ गच्छेति मामाह रुदन्ती भयविह्वला ॥८॥

8. sā tamārtasvaraṃ śrutvā tava snehena maithilī ,
gaccha gaccheti māmāha rudantī bhayavihvalā.

8. sā tam ārtasvaram śrutvā tava snehena maithilī
gaccha gaccha iti mām āha rudantī bhayavihvalā

8. sā maithilī tava snehena (yuktā) tam ārtasvaram śrutvā
bhayavihvalā rudantī 'gaccha gaccha' iti mām āha

8. Having heard that distressed sound, Maithilī (Sītā), out of love for you (Rāma), became overwhelmed with fear and, weeping, said to me, 'Go! Go!'

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she (Maithilī/Sītā) (she, that (feminine singular nominative))

• तम् (tam) - that (distressed sound) (that (masculine singular accusative))

• आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - distressed sound, mournful voice

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तव (tava) - for you (Rāma) (your (genitive singular))

• स्नेहेन (snehena) - out of love for you (by love, with affection)

• मैथिली (maithilī) - Sītā, daughter of the king of Mithila (Maithilī (Sītā))

• गच्छ (gaccha) - go!

• गच्छ (gaccha) - go!

• इति (iti) - thus, so, end of quotation

• माम् (mām) - me

• आह (āha) - said, spoke

• रुदन्ती (rudantī) - weeping, crying (feminine singular nominative)

• भयविह्वला (bhayavihvalā) - overwhelmed by fear, agitated by fear

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she (Maithilī/Sītā) (she, that (feminine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to Maithilī.

तम् (tam) - that (distressed sound) (that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to the 'ārtasvara'.

आर्तस्वरम् (ārtasvaram) - distressed sound, mournful voice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārtasvara

ārtasvara - distressed sound, mournful voice, cry of pain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ārta+svara)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ṛ (to go) + kta suffix, often associated with root ṛt (to suffer)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• svara – sound, voice, tone
  noun (masculine)

Note: The distressed cry of Mārīca mimicking Rāma.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru + ktvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

तव (tava) - for you (Rāma) (your (genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Rāma.

स्नेहेन (snehena) - out of love for you (by love, with affection)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sneha

sneha - love, affection, tenderness

Note: Used to express 'out of love'.

मैथिली (maithilī) - Sītā, daughter of the king of Mithila (Maithilī (Sītā))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - daughter of the king of Mithila (Janaka), Sītā

Patronymic from Mithilā

Note: Subject of the sentence.

गच्छ (gaccha) - go!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of gam

Imperative Active

2nd Person Singular Imperative Active Parasmaipada

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Repetition emphasizes urgency.

गच्छ (gaccha) - go!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of gam

Imperative Active

2nd Person Singular Imperative Active Parasmaipada

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Repetition emphasizes urgency.

इति (iti) - thus, so, end of quotation

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of a quotation.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Refers to Lakṣmaṇa.

आह (āha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ah

Perfect Active

3rd Person Singular Perfect Active Parasmaipada (irregular, only in perfect)

Root: ah

रुदन्ती (rudantī) - weeping, crying (feminine singular nominative)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root rud (to cry) + śatṛ suffix

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Maithilī.

भयविह्वला (bhayavihvalā) - overwhelmed by fear, agitated by fear

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhayavihvala

bhayavihvala - overwhelmed by fear, agitated by fear

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+vihvala)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• vihvala – agitated, confused, overwhelmed
  adjective
  Prefix: vi

Note: Qualifies Maithilī.