वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-57, verse-2

तमुवाच किमर्थं त्वमागतो ऽपास्य मैथिलीम् ।
यदा सा तव विश्वासाद्वने विहरिता मया ॥२॥

2. tamuvāca kimarthaṃ tvamāgato'pāsya maithilīm ,
yadā sā tava viśvāsādvane viharitā mayā.

2. tam uvāca kimartham tvam āgataḥ apāsya maithilīm
yadā sā tava viśvāsāt vane viharitā mayā

2. tam uvāca,
"kimartham tvam maithilīm apāsya āgataḥ? yadā sā tava viśvāsāt mayā vane viharitā.
"

2. (Rama) said to him (Lakshmana): "Why have you come, abandoning Maithili (Sītā), when I entrusted her to your care in the forest, relying on your trust?"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Lakshmana) (him, that (masc. acc. sg.))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why? (why? for what purpose?)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (you (nominative singular))

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - have you come (come, arrived, having come)

• अपास्य (apāsya) - abandoning (having abandoned, having cast aside, leaving)

• मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Maithili (Sītā) (Maithili (Sita), princess of Mithila)

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• सा (sā) - she (Maithili) (she, that (feminine nom. sg.))

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• विश्वासात् (viśvāsāt) - relying on your trust (from trust, due to trust, from confidence)

• वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the woods)

• विहरिता (viharitā) - was entrusted to your care (caused to wander, guarded, entertained)

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Lakshmana) (him, that (masc. acc. sg.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why? (why? for what purpose?)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what? why?
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Can also be considered an adverb.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (you (nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

आगतः (āgataḥ) - have you come (come, arrived, having come)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

From verb root gam (to go) with upasarga ā (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as a finite verb in combination with `tvam`.

अपास्य (apāsya) - abandoning (having abandoned, having cast aside, leaving)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form of verb root as (to throw) with upasarga apa (away), often implying 'to leave'

Prefix: apa

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Gerund, meaning "having abandoned".

मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Maithili (Sītā) (Maithili (Sita), princess of Mithila)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - princess of Mithila, Sita

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with tadā (then), which is implied.

सा (sā) - she (Maithili) (she, that (feminine nom. sg.))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

विश्वासात् (viśvāsāt) - relying on your trust (from trust, due to trust, from confidence)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of viśvāsa

viśvāsa - trust, confidence, reliance

From vi-śvas (to trust)

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Used adverbially here, "out of trust".

वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the woods)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

विहरिता (viharitā) - was entrusted to your care (caused to wander, guarded, entertained)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viharita

viharita - caused to wander, entertained, guarded, taken care of

Past Passive Participle (Causative)

P.P.P. of causative of vi-hṛ (to wander, to roam, to take care of)

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Acts as finite verb.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I