वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-57, verse-11

विगर्हितं च नीचं च कथमार्यो ऽभिधास्यति ।
त्राहीति वचनं सीते यस्त्रायेत्त्रिदशानपि ॥११॥

11. vigarhitaṃ ca nīcaṃ ca kathamāryo'bhidhāsyati ,
trāhīti vacanaṃ sīte yastrāyettridaśānapi.

11. vigarhitam ca nīcam ca katham āryaḥ abhidhāsyati
trāhi iti vacanam sīte yaḥ trāyet tridaśān api

11. sīte yaḥ tridaśān api trāyet āryaḥ katham vigarhitam
ca nīcam ca trāhi iti vacanam abhidhāsyati

11. O Sītā, how could a noble person (ārya)—one who would protect even the gods—utter such a censurable and base cry as 'Protect (trāhi) me!'?

Words meanings summery:

• विगर्हितम् (vigarhitam) - censurable, despicable, blamed

• च (ca) - and, also

• नीचम् (nīcam) - low, base, vile, mean

• च (ca) - and, also

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• आर्यः (āryaḥ) - Rāma (as a noble man) (noble, respectable; a noble man)

• अभिधास्यति (abhidhāsyati) - will say, will utter, will speak

• त्राहि (trāhi) - protect!, save!

• इति (iti) - thus, so, marking direct speech

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• सीते (sīte) - O Sītā

• यः (yaḥ) - (the one) who (refers to Rāma) (who, which)

• त्रायेत् (trāyet) - would protect, should protect

• त्रिदशान् (tridaśān) - the gods, the thirty gods

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

Words meanings and morphology

विगर्हितम् (vigarhitam) - censurable, despicable, blamed

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vigarhita

vigarhita - censurable, despicable, blamed, condemned

Past Passive Participle

From root garh (to blame) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects vigarhitam and nīcam.

नीचम् (nīcam) - low, base, vile, mean

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nīca

nīca - low, base, vile, mean, inferior

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects vigarhitam and nīcam.

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

आर्यः (āryaḥ) - Rāma (as a noble man) (noble, respectable; a noble man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable; a noble man, master

Note: Subject of abhidhāsyati.

अभिधास्यति (abhidhāsyati) - will say, will utter, will speak

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of abhidhā

Future indicative, 3rd person singular

From root dhā (to place, hold) with prefix abhi-. Often dhā for speaking when compounded.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 3)

त्राहि (trāhi) - protect!, save!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of trā

Imperative, 2nd person singular

Root trā, 2nd class, Parasmaipada.

Root: trā (class 2)

Note: Used as direct speech, enclosed by iti.

इति (iti) - thus, so, marking direct speech

(indeclinable)

An indeclinable particle.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, saying

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac

Note: It refers to the phrase 'trāhi'.

सीते (sīte) - O Sītā

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (name of Rāma's wife); furrow

Feminine noun ending in ā.

यः (yaḥ) - (the one) who (refers to Rāma) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of trāyet.

त्रायेत् (trāyet) - would protect, should protect

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of trā

Optative, 3rd person singular

Root trā, 2nd class, Parasmaipada.

Root: trā (class 2)

त्रिदशान् (tridaśān) - the gods, the thirty gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tridaśa

tridaśa - thirty gods, a god

Compound of tri (three) and daśa (ten), referring to the 30 principal Vedic gods.

Compound type : dvigu (tri+daśa)

• tri – three
  numeral
• daśa – ten
  numeral (masculine/neuter)

Note: Direct object of trāyet.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

An indeclinable particle.