वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-44, verse-6

तमुग्रं पापकर्माणं जनस्थानरुहा द्रुमाः ।
समीक्ष्य न प्रकम्पन्ते न प्रवाति च मारुतः ॥६॥

6. tamugraṃ pāpakarmāṇaṃ janasthānaruhā drumāḥ ,
samīkṣya na prakampante na pravāti ca mārutaḥ.

6. tam ugram pāpakarmāṇam janasthānaruhāḥ drumāḥ
samīkṣya na prakampante na pravāti ca mārutaḥ

6. janasthānaruhāḥ drumāḥ tam ugram pāpakarmāṇam samīkṣya na prakampante.
mārutaḥ ca na pravāti.

6. Beholding that fierce, evil-doer (Rāvaṇa), the trees growing in Janasthāna did not tremble, and the wind did not blow.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Rāvaṇa (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

• उग्रम् (ugram) - Rāvaṇa (fierce, terrible, formidable)

• पापकर्माणम् (pāpakarmāṇam) - Rāvaṇa (evil-doer, whose deeds are evil)

• जनस्थानरुहाः (janasthānaruhāḥ) - growing in Janasthāna

• द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having beheld

• न (na) - not

• प्रकम्पन्ते (prakampante) - they tremble

• न (na) - not

• प्रवाति (pravāti) - it blows

• च (ca) - and, also

• मारुतः (mārutaḥ) - wind, air

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Rāvaṇa (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

उग्रम् (ugram) - Rāvaṇa (fierce, terrible, formidable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, mighty, formidable

पापकर्माणम् (pāpakarmāṇam) - Rāvaṇa (evil-doer, whose deeds are evil)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāpakarmāṇ

pāpakarmāṇ - evil-doer, one whose acts are sinful

Bahuvrīhi compound: pāpa (evil, sin) + karman (deed, action). Literally, 'one who has evil deeds.'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pāpa+karman)

• pāpa – evil, bad, sin
  noun (neuter)
• karman – action, deed, work, (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

जनस्थानरुहाः (janasthānaruhāḥ) - growing in Janasthāna

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of janasthānaruh

janasthānaruh - growing in Janasthāna

Compound: Janasthāna (name of a place) + ruh (growing). A compound that means 'that which grows in Janasthana'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (janasthāna+ruh)

• janasthāna – abode of people, name of a region (part of Daṇḍaka forest)
  proper noun (neuter)
• ruh – growing, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from √ruh (to grow).
  Root: ruh (class 1)

द्रुमाः (drumāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of druma

druma - tree

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having beheld

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From sam + √īkṣ (to see, look).

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्रकम्पन्ते (prakampante) - they tremble

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of √kamp

Present, 3rd person plural (ātmanepada)

From pra + √kamp. The verb is often ātmanepada.

Prefix: pra

Root: kamp (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्रवाति (pravāti) - it blows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √vā

Present, 3rd person singular

From pra + √vā.

Prefix: pra

Root: vā (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मारुतः (mārutaḥ) - wind, air

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māruta

māruta - wind, air, god of wind

Derived from marut (wind, a Marut deity).

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