वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-44, verse-1

तया परुषमुक्तस्तु कुपितो राघवानुजः ।
स विकाङ्क्षन्भृशं रामं प्रतस्थे नचिरादिव ॥१॥

1. tayā paruṣamuktastu kupito rāghavānujaḥ ,
sa vikāṅkṣanbhṛśaṃ rāmaṃ pratasthe nacirādiva.

1. tayā paruṣam uktaḥ tu kupitaḥ rāghavānujaḥ | saḥ
vikāṅkṣan bhṛśam rāmam pratasthe na cirāt iva

1. tu tayā paruṣam uktaḥ kupitaḥ saḥ rāghavānujaḥ
bhṛśam rāmam vikāṅkṣan na cirāt iva pratasthe

1. But Lakshmana, the younger brother of Rama (Rāghavānuja), angered by her harsh words, departed very soon, longing intensely for Rama.

Words meanings summery:

• तया (tayā) - by her (Sita) (by her, by that)

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harshly (harshly, roughly, cruelly)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to (spoken, said, addressed)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

• कुपितः (kupitaḥ) - angered (angered, enraged, wrathful)

• राघवानुजः (rāghavānujaḥ) - Lakshmana, the younger brother of Rama (younger brother of Rama (Raghavānauja), Lakshmana)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Lakshmana) (he, that)

• विकाङ्क्षन् (vikāṅkṣan) - longing intensely for (longing for, desiring, expecting)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• प्रतस्थे (pratasthe) - departed (set out, departed, proceeded)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• चिरात् (cirāt) - after a long time (negated to mean 'soon') (for a long time, after a long time)

• इव (iva) - as if (as if, like, as)

Words meanings and morphology

तया (tayā) - by her (Sita) (by her, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agent of the past passive participle 'uktaḥ'.

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harshly (harshly, roughly, cruelly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially, modifying 'uktaḥ'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken to (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, addressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root वच् (vac) 'to speak'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rāghavānujaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

कुपितः (kupitaḥ) - angered (angered, enraged, wrathful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kupita

kupita - angered, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root कुप् (kup) 'to be angry'.

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'rāghavānujaḥ'.

राघवानुजः (rāghavānujaḥ) - Lakshmana, the younger brother of Rama (younger brother of Rama (Raghavānauja), Lakshmana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghavānuja

rāghavānuja - younger brother of Rama

Compound of 'rāghava' (Rama, descendant of Raghu) and 'anuja' (younger brother).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāghava+anuja)

• rāghava – Rama, descendant of Raghu
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic from Raghu.
• anuja – younger brother, born after
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'anu' (after) and 'ja' (born).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सः (saḥ) - he (Lakshmana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Lakshmana, the subject.

विकाङ्क्षन् (vikāṅkṣan) - longing intensely for (longing for, desiring, expecting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikāṅkṣat

vikāṅkṣat - longing for, desiring, expecting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root काङ्क्ष् (kāṅkṣ) 'to desire' with prefix वि (vi).

Prefix: vi

Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rāghavānujaḥ'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely (greatly, exceedingly, intensely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'vikāṅkṣan'.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the hero of Ramayana)

Note: Object of 'vikāṅkṣan'.

प्रतस्थे (pratasthe) - departed (set out, departed, proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of prasthā

Derived from root स्था (sthā) 'to stand' with prefix प्र (pra).

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'cirāt'.

चिरात् (cirāt) - after a long time (negated to mean 'soon') (for a long time, after a long time)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of 'cira' (long time) used adverbially.

Note: In 'na cirāt' means 'not after a long time', i.e., 'soon'.

इव (iva) - as if (as if, like, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Suggests 'as if it were no time at all', emphasizing speed.

Next Verse