वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-44, verse-28

इह शाखामृगाः सिंहा द्वीपिव्याघ्रमृगास्तथा ।
ऋक्षास्तरक्षवः कङ्काः कथं तेभ्यो न बिभ्यसे ॥२८॥

28. iha śākhāmṛgāḥ siṃhā dvīpivyāghramṛgāstathā ,
ṛkṣāstarakṣavaḥ kaṅkāḥ kathaṃ tebhyo na bibhyase.

28. iha śākhāmṛgāḥ siṃhāḥ dvīpivyāghramṛgāḥ tathā
ṛkṣāḥ tarakṣavaḥ kaṅkāḥ katham tebhyaḥ na bibhyase

28. iha śākhāmṛgāḥ siṃhāḥ dvīpivyāghramṛgāḥ tathā ṛkṣāḥ
tarakṣavaḥ kaṅkāḥ (santi) katham tebhyaḥ na bibhyase?

28. Here are monkeys, lions, leopards, tigers, and other wild animals. There are also bears, hyenas, and vultures. How is it that you are not afraid of them?

Words meanings summery:

• इह (iha) - here, in this place

• शाखामृगाः (śākhāmṛgāḥ) - monkeys (lit. branch-animals)

• सिंहाः (siṁhāḥ) - lions

• द्वीपिव्याघ्रमृगाः (dvīpivyāghramṛgāḥ) - leopards, tigers, and other similar wild beasts (leopards, tigers, and deer/wild animals)

• तथा (tathā) - and also, similarly (thus, so, and, also, likewise)

• ऋक्षाः (ṛkṣāḥ) - bears

• तरक्षवः (tarakṣavaḥ) - hyenas

• कङ्काः (kaṅkāḥ) - vultures (birds of prey associated with wild environments) (vultures, herons, crows)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from these creatures (from them, to them)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• बिभ्यसे (bibhyase) - you are afraid, you fear

Words meanings and morphology

इह (iha) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

शाखामृगाः (śākhāmṛgāḥ) - monkeys (lit. branch-animals)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śākhāmṛga

śākhāmṛga - monkey, an animal of the branches

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śākhā+mṛga)

• śākhā – branch, limb, division
  noun (feminine)
• mṛga – deer, wild animal, game
  noun (masculine)

सिंहाः (siṁhāḥ) - lions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of siṃha

siṁha - lion

द्वीपिव्याघ्रमृगाः (dvīpivyāghramṛgāḥ) - leopards, tigers, and other similar wild beasts (leopards, tigers, and deer/wild animals)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvīpivyāghramṛga

dvīpivyāghramṛga - leopards, tigers, and deer/wild animals (as a collective compound)

Compound type : dvandva (dvīpin+vyāghra+mṛga)

• dvīpin – leopard, panther
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)
• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)

तथा (tathā) - and also, similarly (thus, so, and, also, likewise)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'tad'.

ऋक्षाः (ṛkṣāḥ) - bears

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛkṣa

ṛkṣa - bear, star, constellation

तरक्षवः (tarakṣavaḥ) - hyenas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tarakṣu

tarakṣu - hyena, striped hyena

कङ्काः (kaṅkāḥ) - vultures (birds of prey associated with wild environments) (vultures, herons, crows)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaṅka

kaṅka - heron, vulture, crow

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from the pronominal stem 'kim'.

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - from these creatures (from them, to them)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (neuter stem)

Ablative plural of the pronominal stem 'tad' (masculine/neuter).

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

बिभ्यसे (bibhyase) - you are afraid, you fear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhī

Present Middle

Present stem 'bibhyā-' (reduplicated root 'bhī'). Second person singular middle voice.

Root: bhī (class 3)

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