वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-44, verse-13

स मन्मथशराविष्टो ब्रह्मघोषमुदीरयन् ।
अब्रवीत् प्रश्रितं वाक्यं रहिते राक्षसाधिपः ॥१३॥

13. sa manmathaśarāviṣṭo brahmaghoṣamudīrayan ,
abravīt praśritaṃ vākyaṃ rahite rākṣasādhipaḥ.

13. saḥ manmathaśarāviṣṭaḥ brahmaghoṣam udīrayan
abravīt praśritam vākyam rahite rākṣasādhipaḥ

13. saḥ rākṣasādhipaḥ manmathaśarāviṣṭaḥ brahmaghoṣam
udīrayan rahite praśritam vākyam abravīt

13. Overcome by the arrows of the god of love, the king of Rākṣasas uttered a sacred sound (brahmaghoṣa) and spoke humble words in a secluded place.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Ravana) (he, that)

• मन्मथशराविष्टः (manmathaśarāviṣṭaḥ) - overcome by the arrows of Manmatha (Kama) (overcome by the arrows of the god of love)

• ब्रह्मघोषम् (brahmaghoṣam) - sacred sound or Vedic chant (brahman) (sacred sound, Vedic chant)

• उदीरयन् (udīrayan) - uttering (uttering, speaking, raising (voice))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

• प्रश्रितम् (praśritam) - humble (words) (humble, polite, modest)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (speech, words, statement)

• रहिते (rahite) - in a secluded place (in a secluded place, in a deserted place, in a private place)

• राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - the king of Rākṣasas (Ravana) (king of Rākṣasas, chief of demons)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Ravana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मन्मथशराविष्टः (manmathaśarāviṣṭaḥ) - overcome by the arrows of Manmatha (Kama) (overcome by the arrows of the god of love)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manmathaśarāviṣṭa

manmathaśarāviṣṭa - overcome by the arrows of love/Manmatha

Past Passive Participle (as part of compound)

Compound of manmatha (god of love, Kama), śara (arrow) and āviṣṭa (entered, overcome by).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manmatha+śara+āviṣṭa)

• manmatha – god of love (Kama), passion, lust
  noun (masculine)
  Lit. 'churning the mind'.
• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
• āviṣṭa – entered, possessed, overcome, pervaded
  adjective (masculine, feminine, neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √viś 'to enter' with upasarga ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Adjective describing 'rākṣasādhipaḥ'.

ब्रह्मघोषम् (brahmaghoṣam) - sacred sound or Vedic chant (brahman) (sacred sound, Vedic chant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brahmaghoṣa

brahmaghoṣa - sacred sound, Vedic chant, sound of the Vedas, sound of Brahman

Compound of brahman (Veda, sacred knowledge, ultimate reality) and ghoṣa (sound, noise).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+ghoṣa)

• brahman – the Absolute Reality, Veda, sacred utterance, priest
  noun (neuter)
• ghoṣa – sound, noise, roar, proclamation
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'udīrayan'.

उदीरयन् (udīrayan) - uttering (uttering, speaking, raising (voice))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udīrayat

udīrayat - uttering, speaking, causing to rise

Present Active Participle

Derived from causative of root √īr 'to move, stir' with upasarga ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: īr (class 10)

Note: Modifier of 'rākṣasādhipaḥ'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root verb in the imperfect tense

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

प्रश्रितम् (praśritam) - humble (words) (humble, polite, modest)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of praśrita

praśrita - humble, polite, modest, bowed down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √śri 'to resort to' with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Modifier of 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (speech, words, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, words, statement, sentence

Derived from vāc (speech).

Root: vac (class 2)

रहिते (rahite) - in a secluded place (in a secluded place, in a deserted place, in a private place)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of rahita

rahita - secluded, deserted, private, devoid of

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √rah 'to abandon, quit'.

Root: rah (class 1)

Note: Denotes location.

राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - the king of Rākṣasas (Ravana) (king of Rākṣasas, chief of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasādhipa

rākṣasādhipa - king of Rākṣasas, chief of demons

Compound of rākṣasa (demon, Rākṣasa) and adhipa (ruler, king).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+adhipa)

• rākṣasa – demon, Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, king, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Subject of the sentence (in apposition to 'saḥ').

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