वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-44, verse-33

द्विजातिवेषेण समीक्ष्य मैथिली तमागतं पात्रकुसुम्भधारिणम् ।
अशक्यमुद्द्वेष्टुमुपायदर्शनान्न्यमन्त्रयद्ब्राह्मणवद् यथागतम् ॥३३॥

33. dvijātiveṣeṇa samīkṣya maithilī tamāgataṃ pātrakusumbhadhāriṇam ,
aśakyamuddveṣṭumupāyadarśanānnyamantrayadbrāhmaṇavad yathāgatam.

33. dvijātiveṣeṇa samīkṣya maithilī
tam āgatam pātrakuśumbhadhāriṇam
aśakyam uddveṣṭum upāyadarśanāt
nyamantryat brāhmaṇavat yathāgatam

33. maithilī dvijātiveṣeṇa
pātrakuśumbhadhāriṇam āgatam tam samīkṣya
upāyadarśanāt uddveṣṭum aśakyam
brāhmaṇavat yathāgatam nyamantryat

33. Maithili, having observed him arrive in the guise of a Brahmin, bearing a bowl and safflower, and realizing it was impossible to repel him due to his appearance, invited him reverently as a Brahmin should be, just as he had come.

Words meanings summery:

• द्विजातिवेषेण (dvijātiveṣeṇa) - in the guise of a Brahmin, with the dress of a twice-born

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

• मैथिली (maithilī) - Sita, daughter of Mithila

• तम् (tam) - him (Ravana) (him, that)

• आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come, approached

• पात्रकुशुम्भधारिणम् (pātrakuśumbhadhāriṇam) - bearing a bowl and safflower, holding saffron-colored items

• अशक्यम् (aśakyam) - impossible, not possible

• उद्द्वेष्टुम् (uddveṣṭum) - to repel, to turn away, to reject (with aversion)

• उपायदर्शनात् (upāyadarśanāt) - from seeing the means/guise, due to observing the appearance

• न्यमन्त्र्यत् (nyamantryat) - she (Sita) invited (she invited, she addressed)

• ब्राह्मणवत् (brāhmaṇavat) - like a Brahmin, as a Brahmin

• यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - as he had come, according to what had come, just as he arrived

Words meanings and morphology

द्विजातिवेषेण (dvijātiveṣeṇa) - in the guise of a Brahmin, with the dress of a twice-born

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dvijātiveṣa

dvijātiveṣa - guise/dress of a twice-born

Compound of 'dvijāti' (twice-born) and 'veṣa' (dress, guise)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvijāti+veṣa)

• dvijāti – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, especially Brahmin)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• veṣa – dress, garb, disguise
  noun (masculine)
  From root veṣ (to surround)
  Root: veṣ (class 1)

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root īkṣ (class 1, ātmanepada) with upasarga sam (together, completely) and -ya suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

मैथिली (maithilī) - Sita, daughter of Mithila

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - Sita, daughter of Mithila

तम् (tam) - him (Ravana) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Accusative singular masculine of 'tad'

Note: Refers to Ravana

आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come, approached

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, approached

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with upasarga ā (to, towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam

पात्रकुशुम्भधारिणम् (pātrakuśumbhadhāriṇam) - bearing a bowl and safflower, holding saffron-colored items

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pātrakuśumbhadhārin

pātrakuśumbhadhārin - bearing a bowl and safflower

Compound formed from 'pātra' (bowl), 'kusumbha' (safflower), and 'dhārin' (bearing, holding). Could refer to a person holding specific items or wearing saffron-colored robes.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pātra+kusumbha+dhārin)

• pātra – bowl, vessel
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pā (class 1)
• kusumbha – safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), a flower used for dye
  noun (masculine)
• dhārin – bearing, holding, wearing, carrying
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, bear) with -in suffix
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam

अशक्यम् (aśakyam) - impossible, not possible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aśakya

aśakya - impossible, impracticable, not capable

Gerundive (Karmaṇi Kṛtya)

Formed from 'na' (not) + 'śakya' (possible, capable). Root śak (to be able)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+śakya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śakya – possible, capable, fit to be done
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (Karmaṇi Kṛtya)
  From root śak (to be able)
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for the implied action 'to repel'

उद्द्वेष्टुम् (uddveṣṭum) - to repel, to turn away, to reject (with aversion)

(indeclinable)

Infinitival

Infinitive form from root dviṣ (class 2) with upasarga ud (away, out). The form uddveṣṭum derives from ud-dviṣ + tumun.

Prefix: ud

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Used with aśakyam

उपायदर्शनात् (upāyadarśanāt) - from seeing the means/guise, due to observing the appearance

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of upāyadarśana

upāyadarśana - seeing of means, seeing of device, appearance of a trick/guise

Compound of 'upāya' (means, device, trick, expedient) and 'darśana' (seeing, appearance). Could mean 'by seeing his (deceptive) means' or 'by his appearance (which was a means to deceive)'

Compound type : tatpurusha (upāya+darśana)

• upāya – means, expedient, device, trick
  noun (masculine)
  From upa-i (to approach)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)
• darśana – seeing, appearance, view
  noun (neuter)
  From root dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause or reason

न्यमन्त्र्यत् (nyamantryat) - she (Sita) invited (she invited, she addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of nimantr

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Formed from root mantr (class 10) with upasarga ni and augment 'a' for imperfect tense (a-ni-mantrayat becomes nyamantryat by sandhi)

Prefix: ni

Root: mantr (class 10)

ब्राह्मणवत् (brāhmaṇavat) - like a Brahmin, as a Brahmin

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'brāhmaṇa' with the suffix -vat (like, as)

यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - as he had come, according to what had come, just as he arrived

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'yathā' (as, according to) and 'āgata' (arrived, come). Adverbial usage

Compound type : avyayibhāva (yathā+āgata)

• yathā – as, according to, just as
  indeclinable
• āgata – arrived, come
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go) with upasarga ā (to, towards)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

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