वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-44, verse-10

स पापो भव्यरूपेण तृणैः कूप इवावृतः ।
अतिष्ठत् प्रेक्ष्य वैदेहीं रामपत्नीं यशस्विनीम् ॥१०॥

10. sa pāpo bhavyarūpeṇa tṛṇaiḥ kūpa ivāvṛtaḥ ,
atiṣṭhat prekṣya vaidehīṃ rāmapatnīṃ yaśasvinīm.

10. saḥ pāpaḥ bhavyarūpeṇa tṛṇaiḥ kūpaḥ iva āvṛtaḥ
atiṣṭhat prekṣya vaidehīm rāmapatnīm yaśasvinīm

10. saḥ pāpaḥ bhavyarūpeṇa,
tṛṇaiḥ āvṛtaḥ kūpaḥ iva,
yaśasvinīm rāmapatnīm vaidehīm prekṣya,
atiṣṭhat

10. That wicked one, in his pleasing guise, stood gazing at Vaidehī, Rāma's glorious wife, like a well covered by grass.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (wicked one, referring to Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - the wicked one (Rāvaṇa) (evil, wicked, sinful; a wicked person)

• भव्यरूपेण (bhavyarūpeṇa) - in his pleasing guise (as a mendicant) (in a pleasing/auspicious form)

• तृणैः (tṛṇaiḥ) - by grass (by grass, with grass)

• कूपः (kūpaḥ) - a well (well, pit)

• इव (iva) - just as, like (like, as, as it were)

• आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - covered (by grass) (covered, enveloped, concealed)

• अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - stood (stood, remained)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - gazing at (having seen, looking at)

• वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehī (Sītā)

• रामपत्नीम् (rāmapatnīm) - Rāma's wife

• यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - glorious (glorious, renowned, famous)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (wicked one, referring to Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पापः (pāpaḥ) - the wicked one (Rāvaṇa) (evil, wicked, sinful; a wicked person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sinful; sin, vice

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

भव्यरूपेण (bhavyarūpeṇa) - in his pleasing guise (as a mendicant) (in a pleasing/auspicious form)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhavyarūpa

bhavyarūpa - having a pleasing form, auspicious in appearance

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhavya+rūpa)

• bhavya – auspicious, good, becoming
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From root bhū (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates the guise.

तृणैः (tṛṇaiḥ) - by grass (by grass, with grass)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tṛṇa

tṛṇa - grass, blade of grass, straw

Root: tṛṇ (class 6)

Note: Agent of 'āvṛtaḥ'.

कूपः (kūpaḥ) - a well (well, pit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kūpa

kūpa - well, pit, hole

Note: Subject of the simile.

इव (iva) - just as, like (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - covered (by grass) (covered, enveloped, concealed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, concealed, surrounded

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ with upasarga ā-, past passive participle suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'kūpaḥ'.

अतिष्ठत् (atiṣṭhat) - stood (stood, remained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root sthā with augment 'a' for imperfect tense.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - gazing at (having seen, looking at)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root īkṣ with upasarga pra-, with suffix -ya (after upasarga).

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions as an indeclinable participle.

वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehī (Sītā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - Vaidehī (Sītā, daughter of the king of Videha)

Note: Object of 'prekṣya'.

रामपत्नीम् (rāmapatnīm) - Rāma's wife

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rāmapatnī

rāmapatnī - wife of Rāma

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāma+patnī)

• rāma – Rāma
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• patnī – wife, mistress
  noun (feminine)
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'Vaidehīm'.

यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - glorious (glorious, renowned, famous)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yaśasvinī

yaśasvin - glorious, renowned, famous, distinguished

Possessive adjective derived from 'yaśas' (fame, glory) with suffix -vin. Feminine form -vinī.

Note: Qualifies 'Vaidehīm'.

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