वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-44, verse-5

तामपश्यत्ततो बालां राजपुत्रीं यशस्विनीम् ।
रोहिणीं शशिना हीनां ग्रहवद्भृशदारुणः ॥५॥

5. tāmapaśyattato bālāṃ rājaputrīṃ yaśasvinīm ,
rohiṇīṃ śaśinā hīnāṃ grahavadbhṛśadāruṇaḥ.

5. tām apaśyat tataḥ bālām rājaputrīm yaśasvinīm
rohiṇīm śaśinā hīnām grahavat bhṛśadāruṇaḥ

5. tataḥ bhṛśadāruṇaḥ grahavat śaśinā hīnām rohiṇīm
(iva) tām bālām rājaputrīm yaśasvinīm apaśyat

5. Then, the exceedingly dreadful one (Rāvaṇa) saw her, the young, glorious princess, like an inauspicious planet (approaching) the star Rohiṇī when it is devoid of the moon.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - Sītā (her, that (feminine singular accusative))

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

• बालाम् (bālām) - Sītā, in her youthful aspect. (young woman, girl)

• राजपुत्रीम् (rājaputrīm) - Sītā (princess, daughter of a king)

• यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - Sītā (glorious, famous, illustrious)

• रोहिणीम् (rohiṇīm) - The star Rohiṇī, personified as a wife of the Moon, hence its association with the Moon. (the star Rohiṇī (Aldebaran))

• शशिना (śaśinā) - by the moon

• हीनाम् (hīnām) - bereft of, devoid of

• ग्रहवत् (grahavat) - Like an inauspicious planet. (like a planet, resembling a planet)

• भृशदारुणः (bhṛśadāruṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (exceedingly dreadful/terrible)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - Sītā (her, that (feminine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √dṛś

Imperfect, 3rd person singular

Root √dṛś, imperfect form uses the stem paśya-.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas added to tad.

बालाम् (bālām) - Sītā, in her youthful aspect. (young woman, girl)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bālā

bālā - girl, young woman, daughter

Feminine of bāla (young).

राजपुत्रीम् (rājaputrīm) - Sītā (princess, daughter of a king)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rājaputrī

rājaputrī - king's daughter, princess

Tatpurusha compound: rājan (king) + putrī (daughter).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+putrī)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• putrī – daughter
  noun (feminine)

यशस्विनीम् (yaśasvinīm) - Sītā (glorious, famous, illustrious)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yaśasvinī

yaśasvinī - glorious, famous, illustrious, possessing fame

Feminine of yaśasvin (possessing fame/glory), derived from yaśas (fame, glory) with suffix -vin.

रोहिणीम् (rohiṇīm) - The star Rohiṇī, personified as a wife of the Moon, hence its association with the Moon. (the star Rohiṇī (Aldebaran))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rohiṇī

rohiṇī - name of a star (Aldebaran), one of the twenty-seven lunar mansions, a red cow

शशिना (śaśinā) - by the moon

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śaśin

śaśin - moon (lit. 'having a hare' - referring to the markings on the moon)

Derived from śaśa (hare) with possessive suffix -in.

हीनाम् (hīnām) - bereft of, devoid of

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hīna

hīna - left, abandoned, deficient, deprived of

Past Passive Participle

From √hā (to abandon, leave) with suffix -na.

Root: hā (class 3)

ग्रहवत् (grahavat) - Like an inauspicious planet. (like a planet, resembling a planet)

(indeclinable)

From graha (planet) with suffix -vat (like, possessing).

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa's ominous presence.

भृशदारुणः (bhṛśadāruṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (exceedingly dreadful/terrible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛśadāruṇa

bhṛśadāruṇa - exceedingly dreadful, very terrible

Karmadhāraya compound: bhṛśa (exceedingly) + dāruṇa (dreadful).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhṛśa+dāruṇa)

• bhṛśa – much, excessive, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, harsh
  adjective (masculine)

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