वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-44, verse-12

स तां पद्मपलाशाक्षीं पीतकौशेयवासिनीम् ।
अभ्यगच्छत वैदेहीं दुष्टचेता निशाचरः ॥१२॥

12. sa tāṃ padmapalāśākṣīṃ pītakauśeyavāsinīm ,
abhyagacchata vaidehīṃ duṣṭacetā niśācaraḥ.

12. saḥ tām padmapalāśākṣīm pītakauśeyavāsinīm
abhi agacchat vaidehīm duṣṭacetāḥ niśācaraḥ

12. saḥ duṣṭacetāḥ niśācaraḥ tām padmapalāśākṣīm
pītakauśeyavāsinīm vaidehīm abhi agacchat

12. The evil-minded night-wanderer (Rākṣasa) approached her, the one with eyes like lotus petals, wearing yellow silk garments, Vaidehī.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Ravana) (he, that)

• ताम् (tām) - her (Sita) (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

• पद्मपलाशाक्षीम् (padmapalāśākṣīm) - having eyes like lotus petals

• पीतकौशेयवासिनीम् (pītakauśeyavāsinīm) - wearing yellow silk garments

• अभि (abhi) - towards (part of verbal prefix with agacchat) (towards, to, in the direction of, upon)

• अगच्छत् (agacchat) - he approached (he went, he approached)

• वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehī (Sita) (Vaidehī (daughter of Videha, Sita))

• दुष्टचेताः (duṣṭacetāḥ) - evil-minded (evil-minded, wicked-hearted)

• निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - night-wanderer (Rākṣasa, Ravana) (night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Ravana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ताम् (tām) - her (Sita) (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पद्मपलाशाक्षीम् (padmapalāśākṣīm) - having eyes like lotus petals

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of padmapalāśākṣī

padmapalāśākṣī - lotus-petal-eyed

Compound of padma (lotus), palāśa (petal) and akṣi (eye). The ī suffix makes it feminine.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (padma+palāśa+akṣi)

• padma – lotus, lotus flower
  noun (neuter)
• palāśa – petal, leaf, foliage
  noun (neuter)
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

पीतकौशेयवासिनीम् (pītakauśeyavāsinīm) - wearing yellow silk garments

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pītakauśeyavāsinī

pītakauśeyavāsinī - wearing yellow silk garments

Compound of pīta (yellow), kauśeya (silk) and vāsinī (wearing). The ī suffix makes it feminine.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pīta+kauśeya+vāsinī)

• pīta – yellow, drunk (past participle of √pā)
  adjective (masculine, feminine, neuter)
• kauśeya – silk, silken garment
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'kośa' (cocoon)
• vāsinī – wearing, dwelling (feminine)
  adjective (feminine)
  Agent Noun (feminine)
  Derived from root √vas 'to wear' or 'to dwell'.
  Root: vas (class 2)

अभि (abhi) - towards (part of verbal prefix with agacchat) (towards, to, in the direction of, upon)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/upasarga

Note: This is an upasarga (prefix) which combines with the verb agacchat.

अगच्छत् (agacchat) - he approached (he went, he approached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root verb in the imperfect tense

Root: gam (class 1)

वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - Vaidehī (Sita) (Vaidehī (daughter of Videha, Sita))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - daughter of Videha, princess of Videha (Sita)

Feminine derivative from Videha, the kingdom of Sita's father Janaka.

दुष्टचेताः (duṣṭacetāḥ) - evil-minded (evil-minded, wicked-hearted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭacetas

duṣṭacetas - evil-minded, wicked-hearted, having a corrupt mind

Compound of duṣṭa (corrupted, evil) and cetas (mind, heart).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duṣṭa+cetas)

• duṣṭa – corrupted, evil, bad, spoiled
  adjective (masculine, feminine, neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √duṣ 'to spoil, corrupt'.
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• cetas – mind, intellect, heart, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'niśācaraḥ'.

निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - night-wanderer (Rākṣasa, Ravana) (night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa

Compound of niśā (night) and cara (mover, wanderer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going, wanderer
  adjective (masculine, feminine, neuter)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root √car 'to move, wander'.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

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