वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-44, verse-30

कासि कस्य कुतश्च त्वं किंनिमित्तं च दण्डकान् ।
एका चरसि कल्याणि घोरान् राक्षससेवितान् ॥३०॥

30. kāsi kasya kutaśca tvaṃ kiṃnimittaṃ ca daṇḍakān ,
ekā carasi kalyāṇi ghorān rākṣasasevitān.

30. kā asi kasya kutaḥ ca tvam kim nimittam ca
daṇḍakān ekā carasi kalyāṇi ghorān rākṣasasevitān

30. kalyāṇi! tvam kā asi? kasya (asi)? kutaḥ ca (āgatā)? ca
kim nimittam ekā ghorān rākṣasasevitān daṇḍakān carasi?

30. O auspicious one, who are you? Whose are you? From where have you come? And for what purpose do you, all alone, wander in the dreadful Daṇḍaka forest, which is frequented by Rākṣasas?

Words meanings summery:

• का (kā) - who (feminine)

• असि (asi) - you are

• कस्य (kasya) - (daughter/wife) of whom (whose, of whom)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, whence, why

• च (ca) - and, also

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• निमित्तम् (nimittam) - for what purpose (cause, reason, motive, purpose)

• च (ca) - and, also

• दण्डकान् (daṇḍakān) - to the Daṇḍaka forest/region

• एका (ekā) - you (a woman) alone (alone, single, one (feminine))

• चरसि (carasi) - you wander, you move, you roam

• कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - An address of respect and endearment to Sītā. (O auspicious one, O beautiful one, O blessed one)

• घोरान् (ghorān) - terrible, dreadful, fierce (masculine accusative plural)

• राक्षससेवितान् (rākṣasasevitān) - frequented by Rākṣasas, attended by Rākṣasas

Words meanings and morphology

का (kā) - who (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (neuter stem)

Nominative singular feminine form of the interrogative pronoun 'kim'.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Present stem 'as-'. Second person singular active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

कस्य (kasya) - (daughter/wife) of whom (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (neuter stem)

Genitive singular masculine/neuter form of the interrogative pronoun 'kim'.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where, whence, why

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from the pronominal stem 'kim'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural or singular, as stem)

Nominative singular of the second person pronoun 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Gender inferred from other words like 'kā' and 'ekā'.

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Nominative/accusative singular neuter of the interrogative pronoun 'kim'.

Note: Forms part of the 'kim nimittam' phrase.

निमित्तम् (nimittam) - for what purpose (cause, reason, motive, purpose)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nimitta

nimitta - cause, reason, motive, sign, omen

Note: Used with 'kim' to ask 'for what reason'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दण्डकान् (daṇḍakān) - to the Daṇḍaka forest/region

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of daṇḍaka

daṇḍaka - the Daṇḍaka forest (a specific large forest mentioned in epics)

Note: Often refers to the entire forest region, hence plural is used.

एका (ekā) - you (a woman) alone (alone, single, one (feminine))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, alone, unique

Feminine nominative singular form of 'eka'.

चरसि (carasi) - you wander, you move, you roam

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Present Active

Present stem 'cara-'. Second person singular active voice.

Root: car (class 1)

कल्याणि (kalyāṇi) - An address of respect and endearment to Sītā. (O auspicious one, O beautiful one, O blessed one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kalyāṇī

kalyāṇī - auspicious, beautiful, blessed, excellent, fortunate

Feminine stem 'kalyāṇī', vocative singular.

Note: Vocative form of 'kalyāṇī'.

घोरान् (ghorān) - terrible, dreadful, fierce (masculine accusative plural)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, fierce, awful, formidable

Accusative plural masculine form of 'ghora'.

Root: ghūrṇ (class 1)

राक्षससेवितान् (rākṣasasevitān) - frequented by Rākṣasas, attended by Rākṣasas

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rākṣasasevita

rākṣasasevita - frequented by Rākṣasas, inhabited by Rākṣasas

Compound: 'rākṣasa' (Rākṣasa) + 'sevita' (frequented, served, inhabited, from root 'sev' + 'kta'). Accusative plural masculine.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+sevita)

• rākṣasa – a Rākṣasa, a demon
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• sevita – frequented, inhabited, served, worshipped
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root 'sev' (to serve, to frequent) + suffix 'kta'.
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Describes the nature of the Daṇḍaka forest.

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