वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-90, verse-3

स तं सैन्यसमुद्भूतं शब्दं शुश्रव राघवः ।
तांश्च विप्रद्रुतान् सर्वान्यूथपानन्ववैक्षत ॥३॥

3. sa taṃ sainyasamudbhūtaṃ śabdaṃ śuśrava rāghavaḥ ,
tāṃśca vipradrutān sarvānyūthapānanvavaikṣata.

3. saḥ tam sainyasamudbhūtam śabdam śuśrava rāghavaḥ
tān ca vipradrutān sarvān yūthapān anvavaikṣata

3. rāghavaḥ saḥ tam sainyasamudbhūtam śabdam śuśrava
tān ca sarvān vipradrutān yūthapān anvavaikṣata

3. Rāghava (Rāma) heard that sound originating from the army, and he also observed all those group leaders fleeing.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (Rāma) (he, that)

• तम् (tam) - that (sound) (that, him)

• सैन्यसमुद्भूतम् (sainyasamudbhūtam) - the sound that originated from the army (arisen from the army, produced by the army)

• शब्दम् (śabdam) - a noise, a din (sound, noise)

• शुश्रव (śuśrava) - Rāma heard (he heard)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (descendant of Raghu)

• तान् (tān) - those (group leaders) (them, those)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विप्रद्रुतान् (vipradrutān) - those who were fleeing (fleeing, dispersed, running away)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of them) (all, every)

• यूथपान् (yūthapān) - leaders of the animal herds (implied: monkeys) (herd leaders, group leaders)

• अन्ववैक्षत (anvavaikṣata) - Rāma observed (he looked after, he observed)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (Rāma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāghava (Rāma).

तम् (tam) - that (sound) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with śabdam.

सैन्यसमुद्भूतम् (sainyasamudbhūtam) - the sound that originated from the army (arisen from the army, produced by the army)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sainyasamudbhūta

sainyasamudbhūta - arisen from an army, originating from an army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sainya+samudbhūta)

• sainya – army, military
  noun (neuter)
• samudbhūta – arisen, produced, originated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from prefixes sam-ud- + root bhū 'to be, to become'
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śabdam.

शब्दम् (śabdam) - a noise, a din (sound, noise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word, noise

Note: Object of 'heard'.

शुश्रव (śuśrava) - Rāma heard (he heard)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Past action, 3rd person singular.

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma (descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rāma

Note: Subject of 'heard' and 'observed'.

तान् (tān) - those (group leaders) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with yūthapān.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

विप्रद्रुतान् (vipradrutān) - those who were fleeing (fleeing, dispersed, running away)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vipradruta

vipradruta - fleeing, running away, dispersed

Past Passive Participle

from prefixes vi-pra- + root dru 'to run'

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with yūthapān.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of them) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Agrees with yūthapān.

यूथपान् (yūthapān) - leaders of the animal herds (implied: monkeys) (herd leaders, group leaders)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yūthapa

yūthapa - leader of a herd, chief of a troop/gang

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yūtha+pa)

• yūtha – herd, troop, flock
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian, ruler, drinking
  noun (masculine)
  from root pā 'to protect'
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'observed'.

अन्ववैक्षत (anvavaikṣata) - Rāma observed (he looked after, he observed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of īkṣ

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Rāghava.