वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-90, verse-16

गृहीतधनुषौ चावां गिरिं वीर श्रयावहे ।
अथ वेहैव तिष्ठावः संनद्धाव् उद्यतायुधौ ।
अपि नौ वशमागच्छेत् कोविदारध्वजो रणे ॥१६॥

16. gṛhītadhanuṣau cāvāṃ giriṃ vīra śrayāvahe ,
atha vehaiva tiṣṭhāvaḥ saṃnaddhāv udyatāyudhau ,
api nau vaśamāgacchet kovidāradhvajo raṇe.

16. gṛhītadhanuṣau ca āvām girim vīra
śrayāvahe | atha vā iha eva tiṣṭhāvaḥ
saṃnaddhau udyatāyudhau | api nau
vaśam āgacchet kovidāradhvajaḥ raṇe

16. vīra gṛhītadhanuṣau āvām ca girim
śrayāvahe atha vā iha eva saṃnaddhau
udyatāyudhau (āvām) tiṣṭhāvaḥ api
kovidāradhvajaḥ raṇe nau vaśam āgacchet

16. O hero, let us two, with our bows grasped, take refuge in the mountain. Or else, let us remain right here, ready for battle with weapons raised. May he, whose banner bears the Kovidara tree (Bharata), come under our sway in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• गृहीतधनुषौ (gṛhītadhanuṣau) - (we two) holding bows (having grasped bows, holding bows)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आवाम् (āvām) - we two

• गिरिम् (girim) - mountain (mountain, hill)

• वीर (vīra) - O hero (vocative, addressing Rama's brother Lakshmana) (hero, warrior)

• श्रयावहे (śrayāvahe) - let us take refuge in (the mountain) (let us resort to, let us lean on, let us take refuge in)

• अथ (atha) - or else (with vā) (then, now, thereupon)

• वा (vā) - or (else) (or)

• इह (iha) - right here (here, in this world)

• एव (eva) - right (here) (only, just, indeed)

• तिष्ठावः (tiṣṭhāvaḥ) - let us remain (let us stand, let us remain)

• संनद्धौ (saṁnaddhau) - ready for battle, armed (fully equipped, ready, armed)

• उद्यतायुधौ (udyatāyudhau) - with weapons raised (with uplifted weapons)

• अपि (api) - may (implying a wish/possibility) (also, even, perhaps, interrogative particle)

• नौ (nau) - to us, under our (sway) (to us two, for us two, of us two)

• वशम् (vaśam) - under control, sway (power, control, will, dominion)

• आगच्छेत् (āgacchet) - may he come (under our sway) (may he come, should he come)

• कोविदारध्वजः (kovidāradhvajaḥ) - (Bharata) whose banner is the kovidara tree (he whose banner is the kovidara tree)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

Words meanings and morphology

गृहीतधनुषौ (gṛhītadhanuṣau) - (we two) holding bows (having grasped bows, holding bows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of gṛhītadhanus

gṛhītadhanus - having taken/grasped a bow

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gṛhīta+dhanus)

• gṛhīta – taken, grasped, seized
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root grah (to seize, take)
  Root: grah (class 9)
• dhanus – bow, arc
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'āvām'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

आवाम् (āvām) - we two

(pronoun)

Nominative, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we

1st person pronoun

गिरिम् (girim) - mountain (mountain, hill)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of giri

giri - mountain, hill, rock

Note: Object of 'śrayāvahe'.

वीर (vīra) - O hero (vocative, addressing Rama's brother Lakshmana) (hero, warrior)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, man, warrior, strong

श्रयावहे (śrayāvahe) - let us take refuge in (the mountain) (let us resort to, let us lean on, let us take refuge in)

(verb)

1st person , dual, middle, present (loṭ) of śrī

Present Subjunctive

1st person dual, middle voice. Often used in injunctive or hortatory sense.

Root: śrī (class 1)

अथ (atha) - or else (with vā) (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or (else) (or)

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - right here (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - right (here) (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठावः (tiṣṭhāvaḥ) - let us remain (let us stand, let us remain)

(verb)

1st person , dual, active, present (loṭ) of sthā

Present Subjunctive

1st person dual, active voice, from root sthā (P.1)

Root: sthā (class 1)

संनद्धौ (saṁnaddhau) - ready for battle, armed (fully equipped, ready, armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of saṃnaddha

saṁnaddha - bound on, tied, girded, armed, equipped, ready, prepared

Past Passive Participle

From root 'nah' (to bind) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: nah (class 4)

उद्यतायुधौ (udyatāyudhau) - with weapons raised (with uplifted weapons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of udyatāyudha

udyatāyudha - having uplifted or raised weapons

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (udyata+āyudha)

• udyata – lifted up, raised, prepared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yam (to restrain, hold) with prefixes ut + ā
  Prefixes: ut+ā
  Root: yam (class 1)
• āyudha – weapon, implement of war
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'āvām'.

अपि (api) - may (implying a wish/possibility) (also, even, perhaps, interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

नौ (nau) - to us, under our (sway) (to us two, for us two, of us two)

(pronoun)

Dative, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we

1st person pronoun

वशम् (vaśam) - under control, sway (power, control, will, dominion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, wish, power, control, subjection, dominion

Root: vaś (class 2)

आगच्छेत् (āgacchet) - may he come (under our sway) (may he come, should he come)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of āgam

Optative Active

3rd person singular, active voice, optative mood, from root 'gam' with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

कोविदारध्वजः (kovidāradhvajaḥ) - (Bharata) whose banner is the kovidara tree (he whose banner is the kovidara tree)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kovidāradhvaja

kovidāradhvaja - one whose banner (dhvaja) bears the Kovidāra tree (a specific type of tree, Bauhinia purpurea); refers to Bharata.

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kovidāra+dhvaja)

• kovidāra – a kind of tree (Bauhinia purpurea)
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bharata.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, strife

Root: raṇ (class 1)