वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-80, verse-10

कथं दाशरथौ भूमौ शयाने सह सीतया ।
शक्या निद्रामया लब्धुं जीवितं वा सुखानि वा ॥१०॥

10. kathaṃ dāśarathau bhūmau śayāne saha sītayā ,
śakyā nidrāmayā labdhuṃ jīvitaṃ vā sukhāni vā.

10. katham dāśarathau bhūmau śayāne saha sītayā |
śakyā nidrāmayā labdhum jīvitam vā sukhāni vā

10. dāśarathau sītayā saha bhūmau śayāne [sati],
katham nidrā jīvitam vā sukhāni vā nidrāmayā labdhum śakyā

10. How can sleep, or even life or comforts, be obtained by one who is sleepy, while Dasharatha's son lies on the ground with Sita?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• दाशरथौ (dāśarathau) - on Dasharatha's son (Rama)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• शयाने (śayāne) - while Dasharatha's son is lying (while lying, while sleeping)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• सीतया (sītayā) - with Sita

• शक्या (śakyā) - possible, capable

• निद्रामया (nidrāmayā) - by a person in a state of sleepiness, implying 'by me' (by one who is sleepy, by sleepiness)

• लब्धुम् (labdhum) - to obtain, to get, to achieve

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, livelihood

• वा (vā) - or, either

• सुखानि (sukhāni) - comforts, pleasures, happiness

• वा (vā) - or, either

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

दाशरथौ (dāśarathau) - on Dasharatha's son (Rama)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dāśarathi

dāśarathi - son of Dasharatha (Rama, Lakshmana, etc.)

Patronymic from Dasharatha

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, soil, land

शयाने (śayāne) - while Dasharatha's son is lying (while lying, while sleeping)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, sleeping, resting

Present Middle Participle

From √śī (to lie down, to sleep) with suffix -śānac

Root: śī (class 2)

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

सीतया (sītayā) - with Sita

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (wife of Rama)

शक्या (śakyā) - possible, capable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable of, fit for

Gerundive/Passive Participle

From √śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'nidrā' (sleep) and implies 'is it possible for'

निद्रामया (nidrāmayā) - by a person in a state of sleepiness, implying 'by me' (by one who is sleepy, by sleepiness)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nidrāmaya

nidrāmaya - sleepy, drowsy; consisting of sleep

Compound 'nidrā' (sleep) + 'maya' (suffix indicating 'consisting of' or 'full of')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nidrā+maya)

• nidrā – sleep, slumber
  noun (feminine)
• maya – made of, consisting of, full of
  suffix

लब्धुम् (labdhum) - to obtain, to get, to achieve

(infinitive)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, livelihood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, livelihood, existence

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From √jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

सुखानि (sukhāni) - comforts, pleasures, happiness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)