वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-72, verse-4

पूर्वमेव तु निग्राह्यः समवेक्ष्य नयानयौ ।
उत्पथं यः समारूढो नार्या राजा वशं गतः ॥४॥

4. pūrvameva tu nigrāhyaḥ samavekṣya nayānayau ,
utpathaṃ yaḥ samārūḍho nāryā rājā vaśaṃ gataḥ.

4. pūrvam eva tu nigrāhyaḥ samavekṣya naya-anayau
utpatham yaḥ samārūḍhaḥ nāryā rājā vaśam gataḥ

4. tu yaḥ rājā nāryā vaśam gataḥ utpatham samārūḍhaḥ
naya-anayau samavekṣya pūrvam eva nigrāhyaḥ

4. However, a king who has embarked on a misguided path, having fallen under the control of a woman, should be restrained immediately after careful consideration of what is right and what is wrong.

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - beforehand, previously, formerly

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• निग्राह्यः (nigrāhyaḥ) - should be restrained, fit to be restrained

• समवेक्ष्य (samavekṣya) - having considered, after reflecting, having surveyed

• नय-अनयौ (naya-anayau) - right and wrong, proper and improper conduct

• उत्पथम् (utpatham) - a wrong path, a bad road, a deviation

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• समारूढः (samārūḍhaḥ) - having ascended, having mounted, having embarked on

• नार्या (nāryā) - by a woman

• राजा (rājā) - king

• वशम् (vaśam) - control, power, sway (accusative)

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, fallen, reached

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - beforehand, previously, formerly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

निग्राह्यः (nigrāhyaḥ) - should be restrained, fit to be restrained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nigrāhya

nigrāhya - to be seized, to be caught, to be restrained

Gerundive

Formed from ni-√grah (to seize, restrain) with suffix -ya.

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

समवेक्ष्य (samavekṣya) - having considered, after reflecting, having surveyed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from sam-ava-√īkṣ (to look, observe) with suffix -ya (after prefix).

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

नय-अनयौ (naya-anayau) - right and wrong, proper and improper conduct

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of naya-anaya

naya-anaya - policy and impolicy, right and wrong conduct

Compound type : Dvandva (naya+anaya)

• naya – conduct, policy, right behavior, guidance
  noun (masculine)
• anaya – misconduct, bad policy, impropriety, wrong behavior
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: a

उत्पथम् (utpatham) - a wrong path, a bad road, a deviation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utpatha

utpatha - wrong path, bad road, deviation from the right path

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ut+patha)

• ud – up, out, away, exceeding
  prefix
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

समारूढः (samārūḍhaḥ) - having ascended, having mounted, having embarked on

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samārūḍha

samārūḍha - ascended, mounted, gone up, embarked on

Past Passive Participle

Formed from sam-ā-√ruh (to ascend, mount).

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

नार्या (nāryā) - by a woman

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nārī

nārī - woman, female

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

वशम् (vaśam) - control, power, sway (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, subjection

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, fallen, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, attained, fallen into (past passive participle of gam)

Past Passive Participle

Formed from √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound-like expression 'vaśam gataḥ' (gone to control, i.e., fallen under control).