वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-72, verse-20

तां प्रेक्ष्य भरतः क्रुद्धं शत्रुघ्नमिदमब्रवीत् ।
अवध्याः सर्वभूतानां प्रमदाः क्षम्यतामिति ॥२०॥

20. tāṃ prekṣya bharataḥ kruddhaṃ śatrughnamidamabravīt ,
avadhyāḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ pramadāḥ kṣamyatāmiti.

20. tām prekṣya bharataḥ kruddham śatrughnam idam
abravīt avadhyāḥ sarvabhūtānām pramadāḥ kṣamyatām iti

20. bharataḥ tām prekṣya kruddham śatrughnam idam
abravīt pramadāḥ sarvabhūtānām avadhyāḥ kṣamyatām iti

20. Bharata, seeing the enraged Shatrughna, said this: "Women are not to be killed by any living being; therefore, she should be forgiven."

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, after seeing

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged, angry

• शत्रुघ्नम् (śatrughnam) - Shatrughna

• इदम् (idam) - this

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• अवध्याः (avadhyāḥ) - not to be killed, inviolable

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, by all living creatures

• प्रमदाः (pramadāḥ) - women, ladies

• क्षम्यताम् (kṣamyatām) - let her be forgiven, she should be forgiven

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - her, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya after prefix pra- and root īkṣ

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name); one who maintains/carries

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - enraged, angry

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root krudh with suffix -ta

Root: krudh (class 4)

शत्रुघ्नम् (śatrughnam) - Shatrughna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatrughna

śatrughna - Shatrughna (proper name); 'slayer of enemies'

Compound type : tatpurusha (śatru+ghna)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• ghna – slayer, killer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root han (to strike/kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter); this one

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

अवध्याः (avadhyāḥ) - not to be killed, inviolable

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, inviolable, immune from slaughter

Gerundive

Negative prefix 'a-' + root 'han' (vadh- form) + suffix '-ya'

Prefix: a

Root: han (class 2)

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, by all living creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

प्रमदाः (pramadāḥ) - women, ladies

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pramadā

pramadā - woman, lady

क्षम्यताम् (kṣamyatām) - let her be forgiven, she should be forgiven

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of kṣam

Root: kṣam (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

(indeclinable)