वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-7, verse-22

अपवाह्य स दुष्टात्मा भरतं तव बन्धुषु ।
काल्यं स्थापयिता रामं राज्ये निहतकण्टके ॥२२॥

22. apavāhya sa duṣṭātmā bharataṃ tava bandhuṣu ,
kālyaṃ sthāpayitā rāmaṃ rājye nihatakaṇṭake.

22. apavāhya saḥ duṣṭa-ātmā bharatam tava bandhuṣu
kālyam sthāpayitā rāmam rājye nihata-kaṇṭake

22. saḥ duṣṭa-ātmā tava bandhuṣu bharatam apavāhya kālyam nihata-kaṇṭake rājye rāmam sthāpayitā.

22. That wicked individual, having sent Bharata to your relatives, will tomorrow install Rama in a kingdom free of adversaries.

Words meanings summery:

• अपवाह्य (apavāhya) - having sent away, having removed, having taken away

• सः (saḥ) - Referring to Dasaratha (he, that)

• दुष्ट-आत्मा (duṣṭa-ātmā) - evil-minded, wicked-souled

• भरतम् (bharatam) - Bharata (proper noun)

• तव (tava) - Kaikeyi's relatives (your)

• बन्धुषु (bandhuṣu) - among relatives, to relatives

• काल्यम् (kālyam) - tomorrow, at the earliest opportunity (early, tomorrow, at the proper time)

• स्थापयिता (sthāpayitā) - will install, will place, one who installs

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (proper noun)

• राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom, in the realm

• निहत-कण्टके (nihata-kaṇṭake) - free from thorns, free from enemies, secure

Words meanings and morphology

अपवाह्य (apavāhya) - having sent away, having removed, having taken away

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive of apa-vah.

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Referring to Dasaratha (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

3rd person pronoun.

दुष्ट-आत्मा (duṣṭa-ātmā) - evil-minded, wicked-souled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭa-ātman

duṣṭa-ātman - evil-minded, wicked-souled, perverse spirit

Compound of duṣṭa (corrupted) and ātman (self/soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (duṣṭa+ātman)

• duṣṭa – corrupted, bad, wicked, spoiled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root duṣ (to corrupt) with kta suffix.
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

भरतम् (bharatam) - Bharata (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a king, Rama's brother)

तव (tava) - Kaikeyi's relatives (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yūṣmad

yūṣmad - you (plural/singular as context dictates)

2nd person pronoun, genitive singular.

बन्धुषु (bandhuṣu) - among relatives, to relatives

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bandhu

bandhu - relative, kinsman, friend

Root: bandh (class 1)

काल्यम् (kālyam) - tomorrow, at the earliest opportunity (early, tomorrow, at the proper time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from kāla (time).

Note: Used adverbially here.

स्थापयिता (sthāpayitā) - will install, will place, one who installs

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthāpayitṛ

sthāpayitṛ - installer, one who places, one who establishes

Agent noun from causative of sthā, used here with future meaning.

Agent noun from sthā with causative suffix ṇic and agent suffix tṛC.

Root: sthā (class 1)

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (eldest son of Dasharatha)

राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom, in the realm

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, government

Derived from rājan (king).

Root: rāj (class 1)

निहत-कण्टके (nihata-kaṇṭake) - free from thorns, free from enemies, secure

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of nihata-kaṇṭaka

nihata-kaṇṭaka - rid of thorns/enemies, secure, unmolested

Bahuvrīhi compound: "that in which thorns/enemies are removed."

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nihata+kaṇṭaka)

• nihata – struck down, destroyed, removed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of ni-han.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: han (class 2)
• kaṇṭaka – thorn, enemy, obstacle
  noun (masculine)

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