वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-7, verse-10

उत्तिष्ठ मूढे किं शेषे भयं त्वामभिवर्तते ।
उपप्लुतमहौघेन किमात्मानं न बुध्यसे ॥१०॥

10. uttiṣṭha mūḍhe kiṃ śeṣe bhayaṃ tvāmabhivartate ,
upaplutamahaughena kimātmānaṃ na budhyase.

10. uttiṣṭha mūḍhe kim śeṣe bhayam tvām abhivartate
upaplutam mahaughena kim ātmānam na budhyase

10. mūḍhe,
uttiṣṭha! kim śeṣe? bhayam tvām abhivartate.
mahaughena upaplutam (satī) kim ātmānam na budhyase?

10. Arise, foolish one! Why do you sleep? Fear is approaching you. Submerged as you are by a great flood (of troubles), why do you not recognize your own self (ātman)?

Words meanings summery:

• उत्तिष्ठ (uttiṣṭha) - arise! (imperative command) (arise, stand up, wake up)

• मूढे (mūḍhe) - O foolish one! (foolish one, deluded one)

• किम् (kim) - why? (what? why? whether)

• शेषे (śeṣe) - you sleep (you sleep, you lie down)

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, danger)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative))

• अभिवर्तते (abhivartate) - is approaching (approaches, turns towards, faces)

• उपप्लुतम् (upaplutam) - overwhelmed, submerged (overwhelmed, submerged, afflicted)

• महौघेन (mahaughena) - by a great flood (of troubles) (by a great flood, by a great torrent)

• किम् (kim) - why? (what? why? whether)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - your own self (ātman) (self, soul, oneself)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• बुध्यसे (budhyase) - you recognize (you know, you understand, you perceive)

Words meanings and morphology

उत्तिष्ठ (uttiṣṭha) - arise! (imperative command) (arise, stand up, wake up)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of utthā

Imperative mood, second person singular, active voice. Formed with prefix ut- and root sthā (class 1).

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

मूढे (mūḍhe) - O foolish one! (foolish one, deluded one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, stupid, deluded, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root muh (to be bewildered, to err).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Used as a vocative noun, addressing Kaikeyī.

किम् (kim) - why? (what? why? whether)

(indeclinable)

शेषे (śeṣe) - you sleep (you sleep, you lie down)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present tense (laṭ), second person singular, middle voice. Root śī (class 2).

Root: śī (class 2)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, danger)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror, danger

Root: bhī (class 3)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Object of 'approaching'.

अभिवर्तते (abhivartate) - is approaching (approaches, turns towards, faces)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of abhivṛt

Present tense (laṭ), third person singular, middle voice. Formed with prefix abhi- and root vṛt (class 1).

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛt (class 1)

उपप्लुतम् (upaplutam) - overwhelmed, submerged (overwhelmed, submerged, afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upapluta

upapluta - overwhelmed, submerged, afflicted, flooded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root plu (to float, to swim) with prefix upa-. Often denotes being overcome or covered.

Prefix: upa

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Could be neuter accusative too, but nominative implies 'being' in that state. Grammatically agrees with `ātman` if it were nominative, but `ātman` is accusative here. So it agrees with implied subject 'you'.

महौघेन (mahaughena) - by a great flood (of troubles) (by a great flood, by a great torrent)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahaugha

mahaugha - great flood, mighty stream, large multitude

Compound type : karma dhāraya (mahā+ogha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ogha – flood, torrent, stream, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the agent by which one is overwhelmed.

किम् (kim) - why? (what? why? whether)

(indeclinable)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - your own self (ātman) (self, soul, oneself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, individual soul, Supreme Self

Note: Object of 'do you not know/recognize'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

बुध्यसे (budhyase) - you recognize (you know, you understand, you perceive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

Present tense (laṭ), second person singular, middle voice. Root budh (class 4).

Root: budh (class 4)