वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-7, verse-1

ज्ञातिदासी यतो जाता कैकेय्यास्तु सहोषिता ।
प्रासादं चन्द्रसंकाशमारुरोह यदृच्छया ॥१॥

1. jñātidāsī yato jātā kaikeyyāstu sahoṣitā ,
prāsādaṃ candrasaṃkāśamāruroha yadṛcchayā.

1. jñāti-dāsī yataḥ jātā kaikeyyāḥ tu saha-uṣitā
prāsādam candra-saṃkāśam āraroha yadṛcchayā

1. kaikeyyāḥ tu jñāti-dāsī yataḥ jātā saha-uṣitā
candra-saṃkāśam prāsādam yadṛcchayā āraroha

1. Kaikeyī's maidservant, who was also a relative and had resided with her, ascended the palace, which shone like the moon, by chance.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्ञाति-दासी (jñāti-dāsī) - Manthara, who was both a relative and maidservant of Kaikeyī (a relative and maidservant, a maidservant from the family)

• यतः (yataḥ) - from which (family she was born) (whence, from whom, because of which)

• जाता (jātā) - who was born (into the family) (born, produced, arisen)

• कैकेय्याः (kaikeyyāḥ) - belonging to Kaikeyī (of Kaikeyī)

• तु (tu) - indeed, (as for Kaikeyī) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• सह-उषिता (saha-uṣitā) - who had resided together with (Kaikeyī) (having lived together, co-resident)

• प्रासादम् (prāsādam) - the royal palace (palace, mansion, lofty building)

• चन्द्र-संकाशम् (candra-saṁkāśam) - radiant and beautiful like the moon (shining like the moon, moon-like)

• आररोह (āraroha) - she climbed up to (the palace) (she ascended, she climbed)

• यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - without specific intention, by chance (by chance, at will, accidentally)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्ञाति-दासी (jñāti-dāsī) - Manthara, who was both a relative and maidservant of Kaikeyī (a relative and maidservant, a maidservant from the family)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jñātidāsī

jñātidāsī - a relative who is a maidservant; a maidservant belonging to the family

Compound 'jñāti' (relative, kinsman) + 'dāsī' (maidservant).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (jñāti+dāsī)

• jñāti – relative, kinsman, clan
  noun (masculine)
• dāsī – maidservant, female slave
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the sentence, referring to Manthara.

यतः (yataḥ) - from which (family she was born) (whence, from whom, because of which)

(indeclinable)

Formed from the pronominal stem 'yad' with the suffix '-tas'.

Note: Connects to 'jātā' to indicate origin relative to Kaikeyī's family.

जाता (jātā) - who was born (into the family) (born, produced, arisen)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √jan (to be born) with the past passive participle suffix 'kta'.

Root: √jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'jñātidāsī'.

कैकेय्याः (kaikeyyāḥ) - belonging to Kaikeyī (of Kaikeyī)

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyī (proper name, a queen of Ayodhya, mother of Bharata)

Note: Indicates possession or relation to Kaikeyī.

तु (tu) - indeed, (as for Kaikeyī) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle.

सह-उषिता (saha-uṣitā) - who had resided together with (Kaikeyī) (having lived together, co-resident)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sahauṣitā

sahauṣitā - having resided together, co-resident

Compound 'saha' (with, together) + 'uṣitā' (feminine past passive participle of √vas, to dwell).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (saha+uṣitā)

• saha – with, together, along with
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix indicating accompaniment.
• uṣita – dwelt, resided, lived, stayed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from the root √vas (to dwell, to live) with the past passive participle suffix 'kta'.
  Root: √vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'jñātidāsī'.

प्रासादम् (prāsādam) - the royal palace (palace, mansion, lofty building)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāsāda

prāsāda - palace, mansion, lofty building, temple

From 'pra-√sad' (to sit, to dwell prominently).

Prefix: pra

Root: √sad (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb 'āraroha'.

चन्द्र-संकाशम् (candra-saṁkāśam) - radiant and beautiful like the moon (shining like the moon, moon-like)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of candrasaṃkāśa

candrasaṁkāśa - moon-like, shining like the moon, resembling the moon

Tatpurusha compound 'candra' (moon) + 'saṃkāśa' (shining, appearing).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (candra+saṃkāśa)

• candra – moon, divine being, gold
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkāśa – shining, resembling, appearing like
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'sam-√kāś' (to appear, to shine together).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: √kāś (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'prāsādam'.

आररोह (āraroha) - she climbed up to (the palace) (she ascended, she climbed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √ruh

Perfect Indicative

Perfect form (Lit) of the root √ruh (often with 'ā' prefix, 'ā-√ruh').

Prefix: ā

Root: √ruh (class 1)

यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - without specific intention, by chance (by chance, at will, accidentally)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yadṛcchā

yadṛcchā - will, wish, whim, chance, accident

Compound 'yad' (what) + 'ṛcchā' (wish, desire).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (yad+ṛcchā)

• yad – what, which, that
  pronoun (neuter)
  Pronominal stem 'yad'.
• ṛcchā – wish, desire, will
  noun (feminine)
  From √ṛch (to go, desire).
  Root: √ṛch (class 1)

Note: Indicates the manner of ascending.