वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-7, verse-15

सा विषण्णतरा भूत्वा कुब्जा तस्या हितैषिणी ।
विषादयन्ती प्रोवाच भेदयन्ती च राघवम् ॥१५॥

15. sā viṣaṇṇatarā bhūtvā kubjā tasyā hitaiṣiṇī ,
viṣādayantī provāca bhedayantī ca rāghavam.

15. sā viṣaṇṇatarā bhūtvā kubjā tasyāḥ hitaiṣiṇī
viṣādayantī provāca bhedayantī ca rāghavam

15. sā tasyāḥ hitaiṣiṇī kubjā viṣaṇṇatarā bhūtvā,
विषादयन्ती च राघवम् भेदयन्ती प्रोवाच।

15. That hunchback, her well-wisher, became even more dejected, and then spoke words that caused sadness and sowed discord concerning Rāghava (Rāma).

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - the hunchback (Mantharā) (she)

• विषण्णतरा (viṣaṇṇatarā) - more dejected, sadder

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

• कुब्जा (kubjā) - Mantharā (the hunchback)

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of Kaikeyī (of her, her)

• हितैषिणी (hitaiṣiṇī) - ostensibly Kaikeyī's well-wisher (well-wisher, benevolent)

• विषादयन्ती (viṣādayantī) - through her speech (causing dejection, distressing)

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, said

• भेदयन्ती (bhedayantī) - causing discord concerning Rāghava (causing division, instigating discord)

• च (ca) - and, also

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - concerning Rāma (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, i.e., Rāma))

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - the hunchback (Mantharā) (she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun, feminine nominative singular

विषण्णतरा (viṣaṇṇatarā) - more dejected, sadder

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viṣaṇṇatara

viṣaṇṇatara - more dejected, sadder

Comparative of 'viṣaṇṇa' (dejected) with -tara suffix, feminine form

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root bhū with -tvā suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

कुब्जा (kubjā) - Mantharā (the hunchback)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kubjā

kubjā - hunchback, crooked woman

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of Kaikeyī (of her, her)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun, feminine genitive singular

हितैषिणी (hitaiṣiṇī) - ostensibly Kaikeyī's well-wisher (well-wisher, benevolent)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hitaiṣin

hitaiṣin - well-wisher, benevolent, desirous of good

Compound of 'hita' (good, welfare) and 'eṣin' (desiring), feminine form

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hita+eṣin)

• hita – good, beneficial, welfare
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā (to place), irregular formation
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• eṣin – desiring, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root iṣ
  From root iṣ (to wish, desire) with -in suffix
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with "kubjā" and "sā".

विषादयन्ती (viṣādayantī) - through her speech (causing dejection, distressing)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viṣādayat

viṣādayat - causing dejection, distressing, saddening

Present Active Participle

Causative of 'viṣad' (to be dejected) with -at suffix, feminine form

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with "kubjā" and "sā".

प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pravac

Perfect 3rd singular

Prefix pra- and root vac, reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Compound with prefix.

भेदयन्ती (bhedayantī) - causing discord concerning Rāghava (causing division, instigating discord)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhedayat

bhedayat - causing to break, dividing, instigating

Present Active Participle

Causative of 'bhid' (to break, divide) with -at suffix, feminine form

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with "kubjā" and "sā".

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects "viṣādayantī" and "bhedayantī".

राघवम् (rāghavam) - concerning Rāma (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, i.e., Rāma))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, son of Raghu (referring to Rāma or Lakṣmaṇa)

Patronymic from Raghu

Note: Object of 'bhedayantī' (causing division concerning).

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