वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-72, verse-5

श्रुत्वा त्वहमयोध्यायां विवाहार्थं तवात्मजान् ।
मिथिलामुपयातास्तु त्वया सह महीपते ।
त्वरयाभ्युपयातो ऽहं द्रष्टुकामः स्वसुः सुतम् ॥५॥

5. śrutvā tvahamayodhyāyāṃ vivāhārthaṃ tavātmajān ,
mithilāmupayātāstu tvayā saha mahīpate ,
tvarayābhyupayāto'haṃ draṣṭukāmaḥ svasuḥ sutam.

5. śrutvā tu aham ayodhyāyām vivāhārtham
tava ātmajān mithilām upayātāḥ tu
tvayā saha mahīpate tvarayā
abhyupayātaḥ aham draṣṭukāmaḥ svasuḥ sutam

5. mahīpate,
aham tu ayodhyāyām śrutvā tava ātmajān vivāhārtham tvayā saha mithilām upayātāḥ,
aham svasuḥ sutam draṣṭukāmaḥ tvarayā abhyupayātaḥ.

5. However, O lord of the earth, when I heard in Ayodhya that your sons had gone to Mithila along with you for their marriage, I quickly set out, desiring to see my sister's son.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अयोध्यायाम् (ayodhyāyām) - in Ayodhya

• विवाहार्थम् (vivāhārtham) - for the purpose of marriage

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• आत्मजान् (ātmajān) - sons

• मिथिलाम् (mithilām) - to Mithila

• उपयाताः (upayātāḥ) - gone, departed, arrived

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you, with you

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• महीपते (mahīpate) - O lord of the earth, O king

• त्वरया (tvarayā) - quickly, with haste

• अभ्युपयातः (abhyupayātaḥ) - arrived, approached, set out

• अहम् (aham) - I

• द्रष्टुकामः (draṣṭukāmaḥ) - desirous of seeing, wishing to see

• स्वसुः (svasuḥ) - of my sister

• सुतम् (sutam) - son

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form derived from the root 'śru' (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (first person pronoun)

अयोध्यायाम् (ayodhyāyām) - in Ayodhya

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of ayodhyā

ayodhyā - Ayodhya (name of a city, capital of Kosala)

विवाहार्थम् (vivāhārtham) - for the purpose of marriage

(indeclinable)

Compound 'vivāha' (marriage) + 'artha' (purpose/reason). Often functions as an indeclinable or adverb.

Compound type : tatpurusha (vivāha+artha)

• vivāha – marriage, wedding
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vah (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

आत्मजान् (ātmajān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ātmaja

ātmaja - self-born, son, daughter

Compound 'ātman' (self) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

मिथिलाम् (mithilām) - to Mithila

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mithilā

mithilā - Mithila (name of a city, capital of Videha, Janaka's kingdom)

उपयाताः (upayātāḥ) - gone, departed, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upayāta

upayāta - come, approached, arrived, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you, with you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case.

महीपते (mahīpate) - O lord of the earth, O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king, sovereign

Tatpurusha compound 'mahī' (earth) + 'pati' (lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)

त्वरया (tvarayā) - quickly, with haste

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tvarā

tvarā - haste, speed, quickness

Derived from root 'tvar' (to hasten).

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

अभ्युपयातः (abhyupayātaḥ) - arrived, approached, set out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyupayāta

abhyupayāta - come near, approached, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root 'i' (to go) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'upa'.

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: i (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (first person pronoun)

द्रष्टुकामः (draṣṭukāmaḥ) - desirous of seeing, wishing to see

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of draṣṭukāma

draṣṭukāma - desirous of seeing, wishing to see

Compound of infinitive 'draṣṭu' (to see) and noun 'kāma' (desire).

Compound type : tatpurusha (draṣṭu+kāma)

• draṣṭu – to see, for seeing
  indeclinable
  Infinitive
  Infinitive form derived from the root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)

स्वसुः (svasuḥ) - of my sister

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of svasṛ

svasṛ - sister

सुतम् (sutam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle of 'sū' (to beget) used as a noun.

Root: sū (class 2)