वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-61, verse-13

कथमात्मसुतान् हित्वा त्रायसे ऽन्यसुतं विभो ।
अकार्यमिव पश्यामः श्वमांसमिव भोजने ॥१३॥

13. kathamātmasutān hitvā trāyase'nyasutaṃ vibho ,
akāryamiva paśyāmaḥ śvamāṃsamiva bhojane.

13. katham ātmasutān hitvā trāyase anyasutam vibho
akāryam iva paśyāmaḥ śvamāṃsam iva bhojane

13. vibho katham ātmasutān hitvā anyasutam trāyase
akāryam iva paśyāmaḥ bhojane śvamāṃsam iva

13. O mighty one (vibho), how can you abandon your own sons and protect another's son? We consider this an improper act, like dog-meat in a meal.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

• आत्मसुतान् (ātmasutān) - your own sons (one's own sons)

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having left, having given up)

• त्रायसे (trāyase) - you protect (you protect, you save)

• अन्यसुतम् (anyasutam) - another's son

• विभो (vibho) - O mighty one (O lord, O mighty one, O pervader)

• अकार्यम् (akāryam) - an improper act (an improper act, a wrong deed, that which ought not to be done)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

• पश्यामः (paśyāmaḥ) - we see / we consider (we see, we perceive)

• श्वमांसम् (śvamāṁsam) - dog-meat

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

• भोजने (bhojane) - in a meal (in food, in a meal, at a feast)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb

आत्मसुतान् (ātmasutān) - your own sons (one's own sons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ātmasuta

ātmasuta - one's own son

Tatpuruṣa compound: ātman (self) + suta (son)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+suta)

• ātman – self, soul, essence, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• suta – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  From root sū (to beget)
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of hitvā

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having left, having given up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root hā (to abandon) with suffix -tvā. The root is *jihīte*.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Absolutive

त्रायसे (trāyase) - you protect (you protect, you save)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of trā

Present tense, 2nd person singular, Ātmanepada

From root trā (to protect)

Root: trā (class 2)

Note: Main verb in the first line.

अन्यसुतम् (anyasutam) - another's son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anyasuta

anyasuta - another's son

Tatpuruṣa compound: anya (other) + suta (son)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anya+suta)

• anya – other, another, different
  pronoun/adjective (masculine)
• suta – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  From root sū (to beget)
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of trāyase

विभो (vibho) - O mighty one (O lord, O mighty one, O pervader)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vibhu

vibhu - all-pervading, mighty, powerful, lord, sovereign, master

From vi-bhū (to be pervasive)

Prefix: vi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Viśvāmitra.

अकार्यम् (akāryam) - an improper act (an improper act, a wrong deed, that which ought not to be done)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akārya

akārya - not to be done, improper, wrong deed, mischief

Gerundive (negative)

Formed with 'a' (negative) and 'kārya' (to be done, duty).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kārya)

• a – not, non, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kārya – to be done, duty, action, work
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root kṛ (to do) with suffix -ya
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of paśyāmaḥ.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison

Note: Particle.

पश्यामः (paśyāmaḥ) - we see / we consider (we see, we perceive)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present tense, 1st person plural, Parasmaipada

From root dṛś (to see), with the root replaced by paśya in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb in the second line.

श्वमांसम् (śvamāṁsam) - dog-meat

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śvamāṃsa

śvamāṁsa - dog's flesh, dog-meat

Tatpuruṣa compound: śvan (dog) + māṃsa (flesh)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śvan+māṃsa)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• māṃsa – flesh, meat
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of comparison.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison

Note: Particle.

भोजने (bhojane) - in a meal (in food, in a meal, at a feast)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhojana

bhojana - food, meal, eating, feast

From root bhuj (to eat, enjoy)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Denotes the context of impurity.