महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-51, verse-23

साधयित्वा तदात्मानं तस्याः स गतिमन्वयात् ।
दुःखितो भरतश्रेष्ठ तस्या रूपबलात्कृतः ।
एतत्ते वृद्धकन्याया व्याख्यातं चरितं महत् ॥२३॥

23. sādhayitvā tadātmānaṁ tasyāḥ sa gatimanvayāt ,
duḥkhito bharataśreṣṭha tasyā rūpabalātkṛtaḥ ,
etatte vṛddhakanyāyā vyākhyātaṁ caritaṁ mahat.

23. sādhayitvā tadā ātmānam tasyāḥ saḥ
gatim anvayāt duḥkhitaḥ bharataśreṣṭha
tasyāḥ rūpabalātkṛtaḥ etat te
vṛddhakanyāyāḥ vyākhyātam caritam mahat

23. tadā ātmānam sādhayitvā saḥ tasyāḥ
gatim anvayāt bharataśreṣṭha duḥkhitaḥ
tasyāḥ rūpabalātkṛtaḥ te etat
vṛddhakanyāyāḥ mahat caritam vyākhyātam

23. Having thus disciplined himself, he then followed her path. Distressed and captivated by her beauty (rūpa), O best of Bharatas, this great tale of the old maiden has been narrated to you.

Words meanings summery:

• साधयित्वा (sādhayitvā) - having perfected, having accomplished, having disciplined

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (ātman) (himself, the self, the soul)

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her, her

• सः (saḥ) - he

• गतिम् (gatim) - path, course, destination, state

• अन्वयात् (anvayāt) - he followed, he went after

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her, her

• रूपबलात्कृतः (rūpabalātkṛtaḥ) - captivated by her beauty (rūpa) (compelled by beauty, overpowered by beauty)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• ते (te) - to you

• वृद्धकन्यायाः (vṛddhakanyāyāḥ) - of the old maiden

• व्याख्यातम् (vyākhyātam) - narrated, explained, described

• चरितम् (caritam) - conduct, story, history, deed

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

Words meanings and morphology

साधयित्वा (sādhayitvā) - having perfected, having accomplished, having disciplined

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the causative stem of the root `sādh` (to succeed, accomplish).

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (ātman) (himself, the self, the soul)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, living principle

Root: an

Note: Object of `sādhayitvā`.

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her, her

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Possessive pronoun, refers to the maiden.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to the sage.

गतिम् (gatim) - path, course, destination, state

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, path, course, destiny, state, refuge

From root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam

Note: Object of `anvayāt`.

अन्वयात् (anvayāt) - he followed, he went after

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anv-i

Root `i` (to go) with prefix `anu-` (after, along).

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy, pained, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

From the root `duḥkh` (to suffer, be pained).

Root: duḥkh

Note: Describes the sage.

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best among the Bharatas (a lineage of kings)

Compound noun, vocative case.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a ruler
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of `śrī` (beauty, glory) or related to `pra-śasta` (excellent).

Note: An address to the listener.

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her, her

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Possessive pronoun, part of the compound `rūpabalātkṛtaḥ`.

रूपबलात्कृतः (rūpabalātkṛtaḥ) - captivated by her beauty (rūpa) (compelled by beauty, overpowered by beauty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rūpabalātkṛta

rūpabalātkṛta - compelled by beauty, overpowered by beauty

Past Passive Participle

Compound: `rūpa` (beauty) + `balāt` (by force/power, ablative used adverbially) + `kṛta` (made, done, here implying 'compelled').

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (rūpa+balāt+kṛta)

• rūpa – form, shape, beauty, appearance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rūp
• balāt – by force, forcibly, by power
  indeclinable
  Ablative of `bala` (strength, force) used adverbially.
• kṛta – done, made, performed, caused
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `kṛ` (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Describes the sage.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to `caritam`.

ते (te) - to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Enclitic form of the 2nd person singular pronoun, here dative of recipient.

वृद्धकन्यायाः (vṛddhakanyāyāḥ) - of the old maiden

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of vṛddhakanyā

vṛddhakanyā - old maiden, aged virgin

Compound noun, feminine, genitive case.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vṛddha+kanyā)

• vṛddha – old, aged, grown, increased
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `vṛdh` (to grow).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• kanyā – maiden, girl, daughter, virgin
  noun (feminine)

Note: Possessive, referring to `caritam`.

व्याख्यातम् (vyākhyātam) - narrated, explained, described

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyākhyāta

vyākhyāta - narrated, explained, described, declared, expounded

Past Passive Participle

From the root `khyā` (to tell, relate) with prefixes `vi-` (apart, extensively) and `ā-` (towards).

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `caritam`.

चरितम् (caritam) - conduct, story, history, deed

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of carita

carita - conduct, action, deed, story, history, behavior, narrative

From root `car` (to move, act), often a past participle used substantively.

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of the narration.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, extensive, mighty

Note: Agrees with `caritam`.