महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-51, verse-2

सुदुष्करमिदं ब्रह्मंस्त्वत्तः श्रुतमनुत्तमम् ।
आख्याहि तत्त्वमखिलं यथा तपसि सा स्थिता ॥२॥

2. suduṣkaramidaṁ brahmaṁstvattaḥ śrutamanuttamam ,
ākhyāhi tattvamakhilaṁ yathā tapasi sā sthitā.

2. su-duṣkaram idam brahman tvattaḥ śrutam anuttamam
ākhyāhi tattvam akhilam yathā tapasi sā sthitā

2. brahman tvattaḥ idam su-duṣkaram anuttamam śrutam [asti].
sā yathā tapasi sthitā [āsa],
[tat] akhilam tattvam ākhyāhi.

2. O Brāhmaṇa, I have heard from you this most excellent account of great difficulty. Please narrate the entire truth of how she persevered in her penance (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• सु-दुष्करम् (su-duṣkaram) - of great difficulty (very difficult, extremely hard to perform)

• इदम् (idam) - this (account) (this)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brāhmaṇa (addressing Vaiśampāyana) (O Brāhmaṇa)

• त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you (Vaiśampāyana) (from you)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (by me) (heard, listened)

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - most excellent (unsurpassed, excellent, best)

• आख्याहि (ākhyāhi) - please narrate (tell, narrate, declare)

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the truth (truth, reality, essence)

• अखिलम् (akhilam) - the entire (truth) (entire, whole, complete)

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

• तपसि (tapasi) - in her penance (tapas) (in austerity, in penance (tapas))

• सा (sā) - she (the maiden) (she, that (feminine))

• स्थिता (sthitā) - persevered, remained (stood, remained, situated)

Words meanings and morphology

सु-दुष्करम् (su-duṣkaram) - of great difficulty (very difficult, extremely hard to perform)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of su-duṣkara

su-duṣkara - very difficult, extremely hard to do or perform

Compound with intensive prefix `su-` (very, good) and `duṣkara` (difficult).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duṣkara)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• duṣkara – difficult, hard to do
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (N.V.)
  From `dur-` (bad, difficult) + `kṛ` (to do) + `a` suffix.
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for `idam śrutam`.

इदम् (idam) - this (account) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one (neuter demonstrative pronoun)

Nominative/accusative neuter singular form.

Note: Subject.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brāhmaṇa (addressing Vaiśampāyana) (O Brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class), one who knows or is devoted to Brahman

Vocative singular form.

Root: bṛh (class 1)

त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - from you (Vaiśampāyana) (from you)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Ablative singular form of `tvad` (you).

Note: Source of hearing.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (by me) (heard, listened)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, learned, famous, revealed

Past Passive Participle

From root `śru` (to hear) with `kta` suffix.

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `idam`.

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - most excellent (unsurpassed, excellent, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, excellent, best, supreme

Compound of `an-` (not) + `uttama` (best).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+uttama)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• uttama – best, highest, supreme, principal
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Superlative form of `ud` (up) + `tama`.

Note: Agrees with `śrutam`.

आख्याहि (ākhyāhi) - please narrate (tell, narrate, declare)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of khyā

Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice

From root `khyā` with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Command to Vaiśampāyana.

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the truth (truth, reality, essence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, principle, essence, true nature

From `tat` (that) + `tva` (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Object of `ākhyāhi`.

अखिलम् (akhilam) - the entire (truth) (entire, whole, complete)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akhila

akhila - whole, entire, complete, all

Compound of `a-` (not) + `khila` (gap, remnant).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+khila)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• khila – piece, fragment, gap, remnant
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `tattvam`.

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb.

तपसि (tapasi) - in her penance (tapas) (in austerity, in penance (tapas))

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, religious austerity, penance, spiritual effort (tapas)

Locative singular form.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Specifies where she remained.

सा (sā) - she (the maiden) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

Nominative singular feminine form.

Note: Subject of `sthitā`.

स्थिता (sthitā) - persevered, remained (stood, remained, situated)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, remained, situated, firm, fixed

Past Passive Participle

From root `sthā` (to stand, remain) with `kta` suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate here.