महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-51, verse-21

चत्वारिंशतमष्टौ च द्वे चाष्टौ सम्यगाचरेत् ।
यो ब्रह्मचर्यं वर्षाणि फलं तस्य लभेत सः ।
एवमुक्त्वा ततः साध्वी देहं त्यक्त्वा दिवं गता ॥२१॥

21. catvāriṁśatamaṣṭau ca dve cāṣṭau samyagācaret ,
yo brahmacaryaṁ varṣāṇi phalaṁ tasya labheta saḥ ,
evamuktvā tataḥ sādhvī dehaṁ tyaktvā divaṁ gatā.

21. catvāriṃśatam aṣṭau ca dve ca aṣṭau
samyak ācaret yaḥ brahmacaryam varṣāṇi
phalam tasya labheta saḥ evam uktvā
tataḥ sādhvī deham tyaktvā divam gatā

21. yaḥ catvāriṃśatam aṣṭau ca dve ca aṣṭau
varṣāṇi brahmacaryam samyak ācaret
saḥ tasya phalam labheta evam uktvā
tataḥ sādhvī deham tyaktvā divam gatā

21. Whoever properly observes celibacy (brahmacarya) for forty-eight years and for twenty-eight years, he obtains its proper fruit. Having spoken thus, the virtuous woman then abandoned her body and went to heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• चत्वारिंशतम् (catvāriṁśatam) - forty

• अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

• च (ca) - and

• द्वे (dve) - two

• च (ca) - and

• अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, correctly, completely

• आचरेत् (ācaret) - one should practice, should observe

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy (brahmacarya) (celibacy, studenthood, chaste conduct)

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, its

• लभेत (labheta) - one may obtain, he obtains

• सः (saḥ) - he

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

• साध्वी (sādhvī) - virtuous woman, chaste woman

• देहम् (deham) - body

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

• दिवम् (divam) - to heaven

• गता (gatā) - gone, departed, reached

Words meanings and morphology

चत्वारिंशतम् (catvāriṁśatam) - forty

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies `varṣāṇi`.

अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

(numeral)

Note: Forms part of the number 'forty-eight' with `catvāriṃśatam`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

द्वे (dve) - two

(numeral)

Note: Used here in the sense of twenty-eight, together with `aṣṭau`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

(numeral)

Note: Forms part of the number 'twenty-eight' with `dve`.

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, correctly, completely

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying `ācaret`.

आचरेत् (ācaret) - one should practice, should observe

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ācar

Root `car` (to move, act) with prefix `ā-` (towards, upto).

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Expresses a potential or desirable action.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun.

ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy (brahmacarya) (celibacy, studenthood, chaste conduct)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahmacarya

brahmacarya - studenthood, religious studentship, celibacy, chaste conduct, pursuit of Brahman

Derived from `brahman` (Veda, sacred knowledge, Brahman) and `caryā` (conduct).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+caryā)

• brahman – Brahman, sacred utterance, Veda, priest
  noun (neuter)
• caryā – conduct, practice, course, performance
  noun (feminine)
  From root `car` (to move, act).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of `ācaret`.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon, cloud

Root: vṛṣ

Note: Denotes duration of time.

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, effect

Note: Object of `labheta`.

तस्य (tasya) - of that, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Possessive, refers to `brahmacaryam`.

लभेत (labheta) - one may obtain, he obtains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of labh

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Expresses potential or desire.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Correlative pronoun to `yaḥ`.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying `uktvā`.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root `vac` (which undergoes vowel change to `uk` before `tvā`).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

साध्वी (sādhvī) - virtuous woman, chaste woman

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sādhvī

sādhvī - virtuous woman, chaste woman, respectable lady, holy woman

Feminine form of `sādhu` (good, virtuous).

Root: sādh

Note: Subject of `gatā`.

देहम् (deham) - body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, form, shape, person

Root: dih

Note: Object of `tyaktvā`.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root `tyaj`.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

दिवम् (divam) - to heaven

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day

Note: Denotes destination.

गता (gatā) - gone, departed, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, understood, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root `gam` (to go) with the `kta` suffix. Used actively with intransitive verbs.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `sādhvī`.