महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-58, verse-25

अपसव्यांस्तु तांश्चक्रे रथेन मधुसूदनः ।
ततस्ते प्राद्रवञ्शूराः पराङ्मुखरथेऽर्जुने ॥२५॥

25. apasavyāṁstu tāṁścakre rathena madhusūdanaḥ ,
tataste prādravañśūrāḥ parāṅmukharathe'rjune.

25. apasavyān tu tān cakre rathena madhusūdanaḥ
tataḥ te prādravan śūrāḥ parāṅmukharathe arjune

25. tu madhusūdanaḥ rāthena tān apasavyān cakre.
tataḥ arjune parāṅmukharathe (sati) te śūrāḥ prādravan.

25. But Madhusudana (Krishna) drove his chariot around them, leaving them on his left side. Then, as Arjuna's chariot turned away, those heroes (the Kauravas) fled.

Words meanings summery:

• अपसव्यान् (apasavyān) - turned to the left (by the chariot), leaving on the left side (to the left, left-hand side)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तान् (tān) - those sons of Dhritarashtra (them)

• चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did

• रथेन (rathena) - by the chariot, with the chariot

• मधुसूदनः (madhusūdanaḥ) - Krishna (Madhusudana ('slayer of Madhu', an epithet of Krishna))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• ते (te) - the sons of Dhritarashtra (they)

• प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran away

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - those (supposed) heroes (heroes, brave ones, warriors)

• पराङ्मुखरथे (parāṅmukharathe) - on the chariot facing away, when the chariot had turned its back

• अर्जुने (arjune) - when Arjuna's (chariot) (on Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

अपसव्यान् (apasavyān) - turned to the left (by the chariot), leaving on the left side (to the left, left-hand side)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of apasavya

apasavya - left, left-hand, reverse

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - those sons of Dhritarashtra (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चक्रे (cakre) - he made, he did

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect

Root `kṛ` (class 8), perfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

रथेन (rathena) - by the chariot, with the chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

मधुसूदनः (madhusūdanaḥ) - Krishna (Madhusudana ('slayer of Madhu', an epithet of Krishna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - slayer of Madhu (a demon), an epithet of Krishna

Compound of `madhu` (a demon's name) and `sūdana` (slayer).

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - the sons of Dhritarashtra (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prādru

Imperfect

From root `dru` (to run) with prefix `pra` (forth, away)

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - those (supposed) heroes (heroes, brave ones, warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valorous, warrior

पराङ्मुखरथे (parāṅmukharathe) - on the chariot facing away, when the chariot had turned its back

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukharatha

parāṅmukharatha - chariot facing away, chariot turned backwards

Compound of `parāṅmukha` (facing away) and `ratha` (chariot).

Compound type : tatpurusha (parāṅmukha+ratha)

• parāṅmukha – facing away, having the face turned back
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of `parāc` (away, back) and `mukha` (face).
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

अर्जुने (arjune) - when Arjuna's (chariot) (on Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a Pāṇḍava prince), white, silver

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with `parāṅmukharathe`.