महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-58, verse-23

ततः परिवृतो भीमैर्दशभिः शत्रुपुंगवैः ।
दुःशासनादवरजैस्तव पुत्रैर्धनंजयः ॥२३॥

23. tataḥ parivṛto bhīmairdaśabhiḥ śatrupuṁgavaiḥ ,
duḥśāsanādavarajaistava putrairdhanaṁjayaḥ.

23. tataḥ parivṛtaḥ bhīmaiḥ daśabhiḥ śatrupuṅgavaiḥ
duḥśāsanāt avarajaiḥ tava putraiḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ

23. tataḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ tava duḥśāsanāt avarajaiḥ bhīmaiḥ daśabhiḥ śatrupuṅgavaiḥ putraiḥ parivṛtaḥ.

23. Then Dhananjaya was surrounded by your ten formidable sons, the best among enemies, who were younger than Duḥśāsana.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

• भीमैः (bhīmaiḥ) - by the formidable sons (by terrible ones, by formidable ones, by mighty ones)

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - by ten

• शत्रुपुङ्गवैः (śatrupuṅgavaiḥ) - by the best of enemies, by the chief enemies

• दुःशासनात् (duḥśāsanāt) - than Duḥśāsana (used for comparison 'younger than') (from Duḥśāsana)

• अवरजैः (avarajaiḥ) - by younger brothers, by those born after

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - by sons

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth')

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed, covered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered

Past Passive Participle

From root `vṛ` (to cover, enclose) with prefix `pari` (around)

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

भीमैः (bhīmaiḥ) - by the formidable sons (by terrible ones, by formidable ones, by mighty ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable, dreadful

Root: bhī (class 3)

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - by ten

(numeral)

शत्रुपुङ्गवैः (śatrupuṅgavaiḥ) - by the best of enemies, by the chief enemies

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śatrupuṅgava

śatrupuṅgava - bull among enemies, chief of enemies, best among enemies

Compound of `śatru` (enemy) and `puṅgava` (bull, excellent, chief).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śatru+puṅgava)

• śatru – enemy, foe, rival
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śat (class 1)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

दुःशासनात् (duḥśāsanāt) - than Duḥśāsana (used for comparison 'younger than') (from Duḥśāsana)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (a son of Dhritarashtra)

अवरजैः (avarajaiḥ) - by younger brothers, by those born after

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of avaraja

avaraja - younger brother, born after

Compound of `avara` (later, subsequent) and `ja` (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (avara+ja)

• avara – later, subsequent, inferior, younger
  adjective (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `jan` (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - by sons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna, 'conqueror of wealth')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna

Compound of `dhana` (wealth) and `jaya` (victory/conquest).