महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-58, verse-24

ते तमभ्यर्दयन्बाणैरुल्काभिरिव कुञ्जरम् ।
आततेष्वसनाः क्रूरा नृत्यन्त इव भारत ॥२४॥

24. te tamabhyardayanbāṇairulkābhiriva kuñjaram ,
ātateṣvasanāḥ krūrā nṛtyanta iva bhārata.

24. te tam abhyardayan bāṇaiḥ ulkābhiḥ iva kuñjaram
ātateṣvasanāḥ krūrāḥ nṛtyantaḥ iva bhārata

24. bhārata,
ātateṣvasanāḥ krūrāḥ nṛtyantaḥ iva te ulkābhiḥ iva kuñjaram tam bāṇaiḥ abhyardayan.

24. O Bhārata, those cruel ones, with their bows strung, attacked him with arrows as if (they were attacking) an elephant with flaming torches, appearing as if they were dancing.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - the sons of Dhritarashtra (they)

• तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him, that)

• अभ्यर्दयन् (abhyardayan) - they attacked, they tormented

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• उल्काभिः (ulkābhiḥ) - by flaming torches (by torches, by meteors)

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• कुञ्जरम् (kuñjaram) - an elephant

• आततेष्वसनाः (ātateṣvasanāḥ) - those (sons) having their bows (and arrows) strung (with strung bows (and arrows))

• क्रूराः (krūrāḥ) - the cruel sons (cruel ones, fierce ones)

• नृत्यन्तः (nṛtyantaḥ) - moving about as if dancing (due to battle fervor) (dancing, moving about)

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• भारत (bhārata) - O Dhritarashtra (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata, here referring to Dhritarashtra))

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - the sons of Dhritarashtra (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तम् (tam) - Arjuna (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभ्यर्दयन् (abhyardayan) - they attacked, they tormented

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyard

Imperfect

From root `ṛd` (to harass, torment) with prefix `abhi` (towards, upon)

Prefix: abhi

Root: ṛd (class 6)

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

उल्काभिः (ulkābhiḥ) - by flaming torches (by torches, by meteors)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of ulkā

ulkā - torch, firebrand, meteor

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

कुञ्जरम् (kuñjaram) - an elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant

आततेष्वसनाः (ātateṣvasanāḥ) - those (sons) having their bows (and arrows) strung (with strung bows (and arrows))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ātateṣvāsana

ātateṣvāsana - having drawn bows and arrows, with strung bows

Bahuvrihi compound

Compound combining `ātata` (drawn), `iṣu` (arrow), and `āsana` (bow). The form `eṣv` is an unusual sandhi variant involving `iṣu` within the compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ātata+iṣu+āsana)

• ātata – stretched, drawn, strung
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `tan` (to stretch) with prefix `ā-` (towards, up)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: tan (class 8)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (feminine)
• āsana – bow, seat, posture
  noun (neuter)
  From root `ās` (to sit) + suffix `ana`.
  Root: ās (class 2)

क्रूराः (krūrāḥ) - the cruel sons (cruel ones, fierce ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, harsh

नृत्यन्तः (nṛtyantaḥ) - moving about as if dancing (due to battle fervor) (dancing, moving about)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛtyat

nṛtyat - dancing, active, lively

Present Active Participle

From root `nṛt` (to dance)

Root: nṛt (class 4)

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Dhritarashtra (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata, here referring to Dhritarashtra))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, pertaining to India

Derivative of `bharata`