महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-54, verse-5

चुक्षुभुश्च महाराज सागरा मकरालयाः ।
प्रतिस्रोतः प्रवृत्ताश्च तथा गन्तुं समुद्रगाः ॥५॥

5. cukṣubhuśca mahārāja sāgarā makarālayāḥ ,
pratisrotaḥ pravṛttāśca tathā gantuṁ samudragāḥ.

5. cukṣubhuḥ ca mahārāja sāgarāḥ makarālayāḥ
pratistrotaḥ pravṛttāḥ ca tathā gantum samudragāḥ

5. mahārāja sāgarāḥ makarālayāḥ cukṣubhuḥ ca tathā
samudragāḥ pratistrotaḥ gantum ca pravṛttāḥ

5. O great king, the oceans, the abodes of sea creatures, became agitated, and similarly, the rivers began to flow against their natural current.

Words meanings summery:

• चुक्षुभुः (cukṣubhuḥ) - became agitated (became agitated, churned, trembled)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• सागराः (sāgarāḥ) - oceans (oceans, seas)

• मकरालयाः (makarālayāḥ) - abodes of sea creatures (abodes of sea monsters, oceans)

• प्रतिस्त्रोतः (pratistrotaḥ) - against the current (against the current, upstream)

• प्रवृत्ताः (pravṛttāḥ) - began to flow (began, set in motion, flowed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, in that manner, so)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to flow (to go, to proceed, to flow)

• समुद्रगाः (samudragāḥ) - rivers (rivers (literally 'sea-going'))

Words meanings and morphology

चुक्षुभुः (cukṣubhuḥ) - became agitated (became agitated, churned, trembled)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṣubh

Perfect Active

root kṣubh, 3rd plural, perfect, active voice

Root: kṣubh (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

vocative singular of mahārāja

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

सागराः (sāgarāḥ) - oceans (oceans, seas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

nominative plural of sāgara

मकरालयाः (makarālayāḥ) - abodes of sea creatures (abodes of sea monsters, oceans)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of makarālaya

makarālaya - abode of makaras (sea monsters/creatures), ocean

nominative plural of makarālaya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (makara+ālaya)

• makara – sea monster, crocodile, dolphin, mythical sea creature
  noun (masculine)
• ālaya – abode, dwelling, house, receptacle
  noun (masculine)

प्रतिस्त्रोतः (pratistrotaḥ) - against the current (against the current, upstream)

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound (prati + srotas), functions adverbially

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+srotas)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
  prefix/preposition
• srotas – current, stream, flow
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sru (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

प्रवृत्ताः (pravṛttāḥ) - began to flow (began, set in motion, flowed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - begun, set in motion, started, flowed, happened

Past Passive Participle

from pra + vṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, in that manner, so)

(indeclinable)

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to flow (to go, to proceed, to flow)

(verb)

infinitive of gam

Infinitive

infinitive form from root gam (tumun suffix)

Root: gam (class 1)

समुद्रगाः (samudragāḥ) - rivers (rivers (literally 'sea-going'))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samudraga

samudraga - going to the sea, river

nominative plural of samudraga

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (samudra+ga)

• samudra – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, reaching
  adjective
  Agent noun/adjective
  from root gam 'to go' (with ḍa suffix)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to rivers.