महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-54, verse-16

तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण श्रुतेन प्रज्ञयापि च ।
सन्तो यां गतिमिच्छन्ति प्राप्तस्तां तव पुत्रकः ॥१६॥

16. tapasā brahmacaryeṇa śrutena prajñayāpi ca ,
santo yāṁ gatimicchanti prāptastāṁ tava putrakaḥ.

16. tapasā brahmacaryeṇa śrutena prajñayā api ca santaḥ
yām gatim icchanti prāptaḥ tām tava putrakaḥ

16. tava putrakaḥ tapasā brahmacaryeṇa śrutena prajñayā
api ca santaḥ yām gatim icchanti tām prāptaḥ

16. Your dear son has attained that destination (gati) which virtuous people (santaḥ) desire through penance (tapas), celibacy (brahmacarya), sacred knowledge, and also by wisdom.

Words meanings summery:

• तपसा (tapasā) - by penance, by austerity, by religious practice

• ब्रह्मचर्येण (brahmacaryeṇa) - by celibacy, by religious student life

• श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by sacred knowledge, by what has been heard

• प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by wisdom, by insight

• अपि (api) - also, even

• च (ca) - and, also

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - the good, the virtuous, existing ones

• याम् (yām) - which, whom

• गतिम् (gatim) - destination, path, course, state

• इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they desire, they wish

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained, reached, obtained

• ताम् (tām) - that, her

• तव (tava) - your

• पुत्रकः (putrakaḥ) - dear son, little son

Words meanings and morphology

तपसा (tapasā) - by penance, by austerity, by religious practice

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, pain, suffering, religious austerity, penance, devotion

Root: tap (class 1)

ब्रह्मचर्येण (brahmacaryeṇa) - by celibacy, by religious student life

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of brahmacarya

brahmacarya - chastity, celibacy, student life (devoted to Vedas), religious study

Compound type : karmadhāraya (brahman+carya)

• brahman – sacred knowledge, Veda, ultimate reality (brahman), priest
  noun (neuter)
• carya – to be practised, course of conduct, observance
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Noun suffix
  From root car 'to move, to practice'
  Root: car (class 1)

श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by sacred knowledge, by what has been heard

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened to, revealed, sacred knowledge (Veda)

Past Passive Participle

From root śru 'to hear'

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Used as a noun meaning 'sacred knowledge' or 'scripture'.

प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by wisdom, by insight

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, intelligence, understanding, insight

From root jñā 'to know' with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सन्तः (santaḥ) - the good, the virtuous, existing ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous, noble; a good person

Present Active Participle

From root as 'to be'

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used here as a noun referring to 'virtuous people'.

याम् (yām) - which, whom

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to 'gatim'

गतिम् (gatim) - destination, path, course, state

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, path, course, way, state, condition, destination

From root gam 'to go'

Root: gam (class 1)

इच्छन्ति (icchanti) - they desire, they wish

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained, reached, obtained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, attained, acquired

Past Passive Participle

From root āp 'to obtain' with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'putrakaḥ'

ताम् (tām) - that, her

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'gatim'

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पुत्रकः (putrakaḥ) - dear son, little son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putraka

putraka - dear son, little son (diminutive/affectionate)

From putra ('son') + suffix -ka