महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-32, verse-4

श्लाघमानेषु भूतेषु फल्गुनस्यामितान्गुणान् ।
केशवस्य च सौहार्दे कीर्त्यमानेऽर्जुनं प्रति ।
अभिशस्ता इवाभूवन्ध्यानमूकत्वमास्थिताः ॥४॥

4. ślāghamāneṣu bhūteṣu phalgunasyāmitānguṇān ,
keśavasya ca sauhārde kīrtyamāne'rjunaṁ prati ,
abhiśastā ivābhūvandhyānamūkatvamāsthitāḥ.

4. ślāghamāneṣu bhūteṣu phalgunasya
amitān guṇān keśavasya ca sauharde
kīrtyamāne arjunam prati abhiśastāḥ
iva abhūvan dhyānamūkatvam āsthitāḥ

4. bhūteṣu phalgunasya amitān guṇān ślāghamāneṣu,
ca arjunam prati keśavasya sauharde kīrtyamāne (sati),
(te) abhiśastāḥ iva abhūvan,
dhyānamūkatvam āsthitāḥ

4. While all creatures were praising Arjuna's immeasurable qualities, and Krishna's (Keśava's) friendship towards Arjuna was being glorified, they (the Kauravas) became as if cursed, having taken refuge in the state of silent meditation (dhyāna).

Words meanings summery:

• श्लाघमानेषु (ślāghamāneṣu) - while all creatures were praising (praising, commending)

• भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - while all creatures/people were (praising) (in beings, among creatures, among people)

• फल्गुनस्य (phalgunasya) - of Arjuna (of Phalguna, of Arjuna)

• अमितान् (amitān) - immeasurable (qualities) (immeasurable, infinite)

• गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities (of Arjuna) (qualities, virtues; strings)

• केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Krishna (of Kesava, of Krishna)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सौहर्दे (sauharde) - when the friendship (of Krishna) was being glorified (in friendship, in affection)

• कीर्त्यमाने (kīrtyamāne) - when (Krishna's friendship) was being glorified (being glorified, being praised)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - towards Arjuna (to Arjuna, towards Arjuna)

• प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, regarding, against)

• अभिशस्ताः (abhiśastāḥ) - (they became) as if cursed (cursed, reviled, accused)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• अभूवन् (abhūvan) - they became, they were

• ध्यानमूकत्वम् (dhyānamūkatvam) - having taken refuge in the state of silent meditation (dhyāna) (the state of silent meditation)

• आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - having taken refuge in (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having adopted)

Words meanings and morphology

श्लाघमानेषु (ślāghamāneṣu) - while all creatures were praising (praising, commending)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of ślāghamāna

ślāghamāna - praising, commending, extolling

Present Middle Participle

From root ślāgh (to praise) with middle participle suffix -māna.

Root: ślāgh (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction, agrees with 'bhūteṣu'.

भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - while all creatures/people were (praising) (in beings, among creatures, among people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, existent thing; past

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū (to be), with suffix -ta.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction.

फल्गुनस्य (phalgunasya) - of Arjuna (of Phalguna, of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (one of the names of Arjuna)

Note: Possessive, related to 'guṇān'.

अमितान् (amitān) - immeasurable (qualities) (immeasurable, infinite)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amita

amita - unmeasured, immeasurable, infinite

Past Passive Participle

From root mā (to measure), with prefix a- (negation) and suffix -ta.

Prefix: a

Root: mā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'guṇān'.

गुणान् (guṇān) - qualities (of Arjuna) (qualities, virtues; strings)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, attribute, merit; string, thread

Note: Object of 'ślāghamāneṣu'.

केशवस्य (keśavasya) - of Krishna (of Kesava, of Krishna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Krishna (a name of Vishnu/Krishna); having beautiful hair

Note: Possessive, related to 'sauharde'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

सौहर्दे (sauharde) - when the friendship (of Krishna) was being glorified (in friendship, in affection)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sauharda

sauharda - friendship, affection, good will

Derivative from suhṛd (friend).

Note: Locative absolute construction.

कीर्त्यमाने (kīrtyamāne) - when (Krishna's friendship) was being glorified (being glorified, being praised)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kīrtyamāna

kīrtyamāna - being glorified, being praised, being spoken of

Present Passive Participle

From root kīrt (to mention, praise) with suffix -yamāna (passive middle participle).

Root: kīrt (class 10)

Note: Locative absolute construction, agrees with 'sauharde'.

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - towards Arjuna (to Arjuna, towards Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince); white, silver

Note: Governed by 'prati'.

प्रति (prati) - towards (towards, regarding, against)

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition.

अभिशस्ताः (abhiśastāḥ) - (they became) as if cursed (cursed, reviled, accused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhiśasta

abhiśasta - cursed, reviled, accused, denounced

Past Passive Participle

From root śas (to praise, curse) with prefix abhi-.

Prefix: abhi

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for implied subject 'they' (Kauravas).

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अभूवन् (abhūvan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active

Root bhū, imperfect 3rd person plural.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Past tense verb.

ध्यानमूकत्वम् (dhyānamūkatvam) - having taken refuge in the state of silent meditation (dhyāna) (the state of silent meditation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhyānamūkatva

dhyānamūkatva - the state of being silent like in meditation, absorbed in silent contemplation

Compound noun with abstract suffix -tva.

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (dhyāna+mūka+tva)

• dhyāna – meditation, contemplation, deep thought
  noun (neuter)
  From root dhyai (to meditate).
  Root: dhyai (class 1)
• mūka – mute, silent, dumb
  adjective
• tva – suffix for abstract noun, state of being
  suffix (neuter)
  Abstract noun suffix.

Note: Object of 'āsthitāḥ'.

आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - having taken refuge in (having resorted to, having taken refuge in, having adopted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āsthita

āsthita - resorted to, taken refuge in, adopted, standing on

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied subject 'they' (Kauravas).