महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-32, verse-23

बालमत्यन्तसुखिनं विचरन्तमभीतवत् ।
कृतास्त्रा बहवो जघ्नुर्ब्रूहि गावल्गणे कथम् ॥२३॥

23. bālamatyantasukhinaṁ vicarantamabhītavat ,
kṛtāstrā bahavo jaghnurbrūhi gāvalgaṇe katham.

23. bālam atyantasukhinam vicarantam abhītavat |
kṛtāstrāḥ bahavaḥ jaghnuḥ brūhi gāvalgaṇe katham

23. atyantasukhinam abhītavat vicarantam bālam kṛtāstrāḥ
bahavaḥ jaghnuḥ he gāvalgaṇe katham brūhi ?

23. "Many expert warriors killed the child, who was extremely happy and roaming fearlessly. Tell me, O son of Gavalgana (Sanjaya), how did this happen?"

Words meanings summery:

• बालम् (bālam) - the child (Abhimanyu) (child, boy)

• अत्यन्तसुखिनम् (atyantasukhinam) - extremely happy (extremely happy, very joyous)

• विचरन्तम् (vicarantam) - roaming (wandering, moving about, roaming)

• अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - fearlessly (like one unafraid, fearlessly)

• कृतास्त्राः (kṛtāstrāḥ) - expert warriors (those who have made their weapons (expert archers/warriors))

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (warriors) (many)

• जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they killed (they killed, they struck)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, say)

• गावल्गणे (gāvalgaṇe) - O son of Gavalgana (Sanjaya) (O son of Gavalgna (vocative))

• कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

Words meanings and morphology

बालम् (bālam) - the child (Abhimanyu) (child, boy)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, innocent

Note: Object of 'jaghnuḥ'.

अत्यन्तसुखिनम् (atyantasukhinam) - extremely happy (extremely happy, very joyous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atyantasukhin

atyantasukhin - extremely happy, very joyous

Compound type : karmadhāraya (atyanta+sukhin)

• atyanta – excessive, extreme, ultimate
  adjective (masculine)
• sukhin – happy, joyous, comfortable
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -in added to sukha

Note: Qualifies 'bālam'.

विचरन्तम् (vicarantam) - roaming (wandering, moving about, roaming)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vicarat

vicarat - wandering, moving about, acting

Present Active Participle

From root car (to move, wander) with prefix vi + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bālam'.

अभीतवत् (abhītavat) - fearlessly (like one unafraid, fearlessly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -vat added to abhīta (unafraid)

Prefix: a

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Adverb modifying 'vicarantam'.

कृतास्त्राः (kṛtāstrāḥ) - expert warriors (those who have made their weapons (expert archers/warriors))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtāstra

kṛtāstra - one who has acquired skill in arms, expert in weapons

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+astra)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make) + kta suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• astra – missile, weapon
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'bahavaḥ'.

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (warriors) (many)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Subject of 'jaghnuḥ'.

जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they killed (they killed, they struck)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect tense (Liṭ)

From root han, 2nd class, irregular perfect stem jaghan-

Root: han (class 2)

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mode

From root brū, 2nd class

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Addressed to Sanjaya.

गावल्गणे (gāvalgaṇe) - O son of Gavalgana (Sanjaya) (O son of Gavalgna (vocative))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gāvalgaṇi

gāvalgaṇi - descendant of Gavalgṇa (patronymic for Sanjaya)

कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)