महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-32, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
पूर्वमस्मासु भग्नेषु फल्गुनेनामितौजसा ।
द्रोणे च मोघसंकल्पे रक्षिते च युधिष्ठिरे ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
pūrvamasmāsu bhagneṣu phalgunenāmitaujasā ,
droṇe ca moghasaṁkalpe rakṣite ca yudhiṣṭhire.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca pūrvam asmāsu bhagneṣu phalgunena
amitaujasā droṇe ca moghasaṅkalpe rakṣite ca yudhiṣṭhire

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca pūrvam amitaujasā phalgunena asmāsu bhagneṣu,
ca droṇe moghasaṅkalpe,
ca yudhiṣṭhire rakṣite

1. Sanjaya said: Previously, when we were defeated by Arjuna (Phalguna), who possessed immeasurable might, and when Drona's resolve became futile, and Yudhishthira was protected (by the Pandavas).

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - The charioteer and narrator Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, before

• अस्मासु (asmāsu) - when 'we' (the Kaurava army) were in a state of defeat (among us, in us, with regard to us)

• भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - when 'we' (the Kauravas) were defeated (defeated, broken, shattered)

• फल्गुनेन (phalgunena) - by Phalguna, by Arjuna

• अमितौजसा (amitaujasā) - by Arjuna, who had immeasurable might (by one of immeasurable might/energy)

• द्रोणे (droṇe) - when Drona was (in a state of futile resolve) (in Drona, concerning Drona)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मोघसङ्कल्पे (moghasaṅkalpe) - when Drona's resolve became futile (whose resolve was futile/in vain)

• रक्षिते (rakṣite) - when Yudhishthira was protected (protected, guarded)

• च (ca) - and, also

• युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - when Yudhishthira was protected (in Yudhishthira, concerning Yudhishthira)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - The charioteer and narrator Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - victorious, conqueror; Sanjaya (proper name)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Root vac (to speak), perfect 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, formerly, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

अस्मासु (asmāsu) - when 'we' (the Kaurava army) were in a state of defeat (among us, in us, with regard to us)

(pronoun)

Locative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Locative absolute construction.

भग्नेषु (bhagneṣu) - when 'we' (the Kauravas) were defeated (defeated, broken, shattered)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From root bhañj (to break), with suffix -ta.

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Locative absolute construction, agreeing with 'asmāsu'.

फल्गुनेन (phalgunena) - by Phalguna, by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (one of the names of Arjuna)

Note: Agent in the passive construction (implied by 'bhagneṣu').

अमितौजसा (amitaujasā) - by Arjuna, who had immeasurable might (by one of immeasurable might/energy)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of amitaujas

amitaujas - of immeasurable energy/power

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amita+ojas)

• amita – unmeasured, immeasurable, infinite
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mā (to measure), with prefix a- (negation) and suffix -ta.
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 3)
• ojas – vital energy, might, power, strength
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'phalgunena'.

द्रोणे (droṇe) - when Drona was (in a state of futile resolve) (in Drona, concerning Drona)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the teacher of Kauravas and Pandavas); a measure

Note: Locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मोघसङ्कल्पे (moghasaṅkalpe) - when Drona's resolve became futile (whose resolve was futile/in vain)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of moghasaṅkalpa

moghasaṅkalpa - one whose resolve is futile/in vain

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mogha+saṅkalpa)

• mogha – vain, futile, useless
  adjective
• saṅkalpa – resolve, intention, will, solemn vow
  noun (masculine)
  From root kḷp (to be arranged), with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'droṇe'. Locative absolute construction.

रक्षिते (rakṣite) - when Yudhishthira was protected (protected, guarded)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of rakṣita

rakṣita - protected, guarded, preserved

Past Passive Participle

From root rakṣ (to protect), with suffix -ta.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction, agreeing with 'yudhiṣṭhire'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

युधिष्ठिरे (yudhiṣṭhire) - when Yudhishthira was protected (in Yudhishthira, concerning Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction.