महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-113, verse-15

ततः प्रावर्तत नदी घोररूपा महाहवे ।
बभूव च विशेषेण भीरूणां भयवर्धिनी ॥१५॥

15. tataḥ prāvartata nadī ghorarūpā mahāhave ,
babhūva ca viśeṣeṇa bhīrūṇāṁ bhayavardhinī.

15. tataḥ prāvartata nadī ghorarūpā mahāhave
babhūva ca viśeṣeṇa bhīrūṇām bhayavardhinī

15. tataḥ mahāhave ghorarūpā nadī prāvartata
ca viśeṣeṇa bhīrūṇām bhayavardhinī babhūva

15. Then a river of terrifying appearance began to flow in the great battle. It particularly intensified the fear of the timid.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began to flow, originated, commenced

• नदी (nadī) - river

• घोररूपा (ghorarūpā) - of dreadful form, terrifying-looking

• महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

• च (ca) - and, also

• विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially, particularly, distinctively

• भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the fearful ones, of the timid

• भयवर्धिनी (bhayavardhinī) - increasing fear, fear-inducing

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'tad' + suffix 'tas'

प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - began to flow, originated, commenced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of prāvṛt

Imperfect Middle

Root vṛt with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

नदी (nadī) - river

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

घोररूपा (ghorarūpā) - of dreadful form, terrifying-looking

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ghorarūpa

ghorarūpa - of dreadful form, terrible in appearance, frightful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ghora+rūpa)

• ghora – terrifying, dreadful, fearful, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape, nature
  noun (neuter)

महाहवे (mahāhave) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāhava

mahāhava - great battle, great war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+āhava)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• āhava – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
  From root hve (to call) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hve (class 1)

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Active

Root: bhū (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially, particularly, distinctively

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, difference, peculiarity, speciality, particularity

भीरूणाम् (bhīrūṇām) - of the fearful ones, of the timid

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhīru

bhīru - fearful, timid, cowardly

Root: bhī (class 3)

भयवर्धिनी (bhayavardhinī) - increasing fear, fear-inducing

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhayavardhin

bhayavardhin - increasing fear, causing fear, intensifying fear

Agent noun/adjective

From bhaya (fear) and vardhin (increasing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhaya+vardhin)

• bhaya – fear, dread, terror
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• vardhin – increasing, growing, causing to grow
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -in from verbal root
  Derived from root vṛdh (to grow/increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)