महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-87, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
प्रातरुत्थाय कृष्णस्तु कृतवान्सर्वमाह्निकम् ।
ब्राह्मणैरभ्यनुज्ञातः प्रययौ नगरं प्रति ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
prātarutthāya kṛṣṇastu kṛtavānsarvamāhnikam ,
brāhmaṇairabhyanujñātaḥ prayayau nagaraṁ prati.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca prātaḥ utthāya kṛṣṇaḥ tu kṛtavān sarvam
āhnikam brāhmaṇaiḥ abhyanujñātaḥ prayayau nagaram prati

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Kṛṣṇa, however, having risen in the morning, performed all his daily rituals. Then, having been permitted by the brāhmaṇas, he set out towards the city.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning, early

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Refers to Vāsudeva Kṛṣṇa. (Kṛṣṇa (name), dark, black)

• तु (tu) - Indicates a slight contrast or continuation. (but, however, on the other hand)

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - Performed his daily rites. (he did, he performed, having done)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - All his daily duties. (all, whole, entire)

• आह्निकम् (āhnikam) - Kṛṣṇa's daily religious rituals. (daily, diurnal; daily rites/duties)

• ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - By the learned priests present. (by brāhmaṇas, by priests)

• अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - Permitted by the brāhmaṇas. (permitted, allowed, sanctioned)

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - Kṛṣṇa departed. (he went forth, he departed)

• नगरम् (nagaram) - Refers to the city of Hastināpura or a nearby city where the Dhārtarāṣṭras were. (city, town)

• प्रति (prati) - Indicates direction of movement. (towards, to, in the direction of)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahābhārata (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice

Root: √vac (class 2)

प्रातः (prātaḥ) - in the morning, early

(indeclinable)

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From √sthā with upasarga ut-

Prefix: ut

Root: √sthā (class 1)

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Refers to Vāsudeva Kṛṣṇa. (Kṛṣṇa (name), dark, black)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - dark, black; name of a prominent deity and character in the Mahābhārata

Note: Subject of the clause.

तु (tu) - Indicates a slight contrast or continuation. (but, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - Performed his daily rites. (he did, he performed, having done)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, having performed

Past Active Participle

From √kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -vat. Masculine nominative singular.

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies Kṛṣṇa, functioning as a predicate.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - All his daily duties. (all, whole, entire)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Qualifies āhnikam.

आह्निकम् (āhnikam) - Kṛṣṇa's daily religious rituals. (daily, diurnal; daily rites/duties)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āhnika

āhnika - relating to the day, daily; daily rite or duty

Derived from ahan (day)

Note: Object of kṛtavān.

ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - By the learned priests present. (by brāhmaṇas, by priests)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brāhmaṇa, a member of the priestly class, related to brahman

Note: Agent of abhyanujñātaḥ.

अभ्यनुज्ञातः (abhyanujñātaḥ) - Permitted by the brāhmaṇas. (permitted, allowed, sanctioned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyanujñāta

abhyanujñāta - permitted, allowed, sanctioned, approved

Past Passive Participle

From √jñā with upasargas abhi- + anu-.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: √jñā (class 9)

प्रययौ (prayayau) - Kṛṣṇa departed. (he went forth, he departed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prayā

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice. From √yā with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: √yā (class 2)

नगरम् (nagaram) - Refers to the city of Hastināpura or a nearby city where the Dhārtarāṣṭras were. (city, town)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Object of motion with prati.

प्रति (prati) - Indicates direction of movement. (towards, to, in the direction of)

(indeclinable)

Preposition governing accusative.