महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-186, verse-21

एवमुक्तः स पितृभिः पितॄन्रामोऽब्रवीदिदम् ।
नाहं युधि निवर्तेयमिति मे व्रतमाहितम् ॥२१॥

21. evamuktaḥ sa pitṛbhiḥ pitṝnrāmo'bravīdidam ,
nāhaṁ yudhi nivarteyamiti me vratamāhitam.

21. evam uktaḥ saḥ pitṛbhiḥ pitṝn Rāmaḥ abravīt idam
na aham yudhi nivarteya iti me vratam āhitam

21. evam pitṛbhiḥ uktaḥ saḥ Rāmaḥ idam pitṝn abravīt
na aham yudhi nivarteya iti me vratam āhitam

21. Thus addressed by his ancestors (pitṛ), Rāma spoke this to them: 'I shall not retreat from battle (yudhi) – this is my vow (vrata) that has been taken.'

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (by his ancestors) (spoken, said, addressed)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Rāma) (he, that)

• पितृभिः (pitṛbhiḥ) - by the fathers, by the ancestors

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - to the fathers, to the ancestors

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (name of the hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• इदम् (idam) - this, this (statement)

• न (na) - not, no

• अहम् (aham) - I

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

• निवर्तेय (nivarteya) - I should turn back, I would retreat

• इति (iti) - this is (my vow) (thus, in this manner, this is what I mean)

• मे (me) - my, of me

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance, religious duty

• आहितम् (āhitam) - taken (referring to a vow) (placed, established, taken, performed)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (by his ancestors) (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, addressed

Past Passive Participle

Root vac (to speak) + kta (PPP suffix). Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ Rāmaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he (Rāma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāma.

पितृभिः (pitṛbhiḥ) - by the fathers, by the ancestors

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Agent of 'uktaḥ'.

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - to the fathers, to the ancestors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (name of the hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Rāma

Rāma - Rāma (the seventh avatar of Viṣṇu)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: From root brū (to speak) + a (augment) + vit (ending for 3rd singular imperfect).

इदम् (idam) - this, this (statement)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to the following statement.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'nivarteya'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Subject of 'nivarteya'.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

Derived from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

निवर्तेय (nivarteya) - I should turn back, I would retreat

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of nivṛt

Prefix ni- + root vṛt (to turn, exist)

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Reflects a strong resolve or determination.

इति (iti) - this is (my vow) (thus, in this manner, this is what I mean)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the quoted speech.

मे (me) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Enclitic form of genitive singular of asmad.

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance, religious duty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious duty, resolution

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied 'asti'.

आहितम् (āhitam) - taken (referring to a vow) (placed, established, taken, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āhita

āhita - placed, established, performed, taken (vow)

Past Passive Participle

Prefix ā- + root dhā (to place, put) + kta (PPP suffix)

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'vratam'.