महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-186, verse-18

गाङ्गेयः शंतनोः पुत्रो वसुरेष महायशाः ।
कथं त्वया रणे जेतुं राम शक्यो निवर्त वै ॥१८॥

18. gāṅgeyaḥ śaṁtanoḥ putro vasureṣa mahāyaśāḥ ,
kathaṁ tvayā raṇe jetuṁ rāma śakyo nivarta vai.

18. gāṅgeyaḥ śantanoḥ putraḥ vasuḥ eṣaḥ mahāyaśāḥ
katham tvayā raṇe jetum rāma śakyaḥ nivarta vai

18. eṣaḥ gāṅgeyaḥ śantanoḥ putraḥ mahāyaśāḥ vasuḥ
rāmaḥ tvayā raṇe jetum katham śakyaḥ vai nivarta

18. This son of Shantanu, Bhishma, is a Vasu of great renown. How can Rama be conquered by you in battle? Do turn back!

Words meanings summery:

• गाङ्गेयः (gāṅgeyaḥ) - Bhishma, son of Ganga (son of Ganga)

• शन्तनोः (śantanoḥ) - of Shantanu

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• वसुः (vasuḥ) - a Vasu (deity)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - of great fame, greatly renowned

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Bhishma) (by you)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle

• जेतुम् (jetum) - to be conquered (to conquer, to win)

• राम (rāma) - Parashurama (Rama)

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible (to be conquered) (capable, able, possible)

• निवर्त (nivarta) - turn back, return

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

Words meanings and morphology

गाङ्गेयः (gāṅgeyaḥ) - Bhishma, son of Ganga (son of Ganga)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Ganga (Bhishma)

Derived from Gaṅgā + -eya (a patronymic suffix)

शन्तनोः (śantanoḥ) - of Shantanu

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śantanu

śantanu - Shantanu (king, father of Bhishma)

Note: Possessive, describes 'putraḥ'.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Predicate nominative for Bhishma.

वसुः (vasuḥ) - a Vasu (deity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasu

vasu - a class of deities (eight Vasus); wealth, excellent

Note: Predicate nominative for Bhishma.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - of great fame, greatly renowned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - of great fame, greatly renowned, glorious

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• yaśas – fame, glory, renown
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes Bhishma.

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Bhishma) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular and plural)

Note: Agent in passive construction.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

जेतुम् (jetum) - to be conquered (to conquer, to win)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root ji (to conquer) with the suffix -tum

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or potential.

राम (rāma) - Parashurama (Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (Parashurama)

Note: Used here as the object of the infinitive 'jetum' in a passive sense ('Rama to be conquered').

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - possible (to be conquered) (capable, able, possible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, practicable, fit to be done

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from root śak (to be able) with suffix -ya

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Implies capability or possibility. ('How can Rama be conquered?')

निवर्त (nivarta) - turn back, return

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vṛt

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.