महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-151, verse-22

कथं ह्यवध्यैः संग्रामः कार्यः सह भविष्यति ।
कथं हत्वा गुरून्वृद्धान्विजयो नो भविष्यति ॥२२॥

22. kathaṁ hyavadhyaiḥ saṁgrāmaḥ kāryaḥ saha bhaviṣyati ,
kathaṁ hatvā gurūnvṛddhānvijayo no bhaviṣyati.

22. katham hi avadhyaiḥ saṅgrāmaḥ kāryaḥ saha bhaviṣyati
katham hatvā gurūn vṛddhān vijayaḥ naḥ bhaviṣyati

22. hi katham avadhyaiḥ saha saṅgrāmaḥ kāryaḥ bhaviṣyati?
katham gurūn vṛddhān hatvā naḥ vijayaḥ bhaviṣyati?

22. How indeed can a battle be fought with those who are invincible? How can victory be ours after killing our teachers (guru) and elders?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अवध्यैः (avadhyaiḥ) - by those who are not to be killed, with the invincible

• सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle, war, conflict

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - to be done, to be performed, duty, task

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - it will be, he/she/it will exist

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, after killing

• गुरून् (gurūn) - our teachers (guru) (teachers, preceptors)

• वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders, old ones, grown, increased

• विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, conquest

• नः (naḥ) - for us, our, to us

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - it will be, he/she/it will exist

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अवध्यैः (avadhyaiḥ) - by those who are not to be killed, with the invincible

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, inviolable, invincible

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (negative)

Negative prefix 'a-' + vadhyā (to be killed). From root vadh (to strike, kill)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vadhya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vadhya – to be killed, killable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root vadh (to strike, kill)
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun, 'with those who are not to be killed'.

सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - battle, war, conflict

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, conflict, fight

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - to be done, to be performed, duty, task

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, to be performed, duty, task, business

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'saṅgrāmaḥ'.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - it will be, he/she/it will exist

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Future Tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, after killing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

गुरून् (gurūn) - our teachers (guru) (teachers, preceptors)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide, elder, heavy, important

Note: Object of 'hatvā'.

वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders, old ones, grown, increased

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, augmented

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gurūn'.

विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, conquest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest, superiority

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

नः (naḥ) - for us, our, to us

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic pronoun, here functions as dative 'for us' or genitive 'ours'.

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - it will be, he/she/it will exist

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Future Tense

Root: bhū (class 1)