महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-151, verse-19

अवध्यानां वधं पश्यन्धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
निष्टनन्भीमसेनं च विजयं चेदमब्रवीत् ॥१९॥

19. avadhyānāṁ vadhaṁ paśyandharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
niṣṭananbhīmasenaṁ ca vijayaṁ cedamabravīt.

19. avadhyānām vadham paśyan dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
niṣṭanan bhīmasenam ca vijayam ca idam abravīt

19. dharmarājaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ avadhyānām vadham paśyan
niṣṭanan ca bhīmasenam vijayam ca idam abravīt

19. Yudhishthira, the king of natural law (dharma), seeing the slaughter of those who ought not to be killed, and groaning, spoke this to Bhimasena and Vijaya (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• अवध्यानाम् (avadhyānām) - of those who ought not to be killed (of those who should not be killed, of the inviolable ones)

• वधम् (vadham) - slaughter (slaughter, killing, death, punishment)

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing (seeing, looking, perceiving)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - king of natural law (dharma) (king of dharma, king of righteousness, Yudhishthira)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• निष्टनन् (niṣṭanan) - groaning (groaning, sighing, uttering a deep sound)

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhimasena (Bhimasena (Bhima))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विजयम् (vijayam) - Vijaya (Arjuna) (victory, triumph; name of Arjuna)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the following speech) (this, this speech)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said, told)

Words meanings and morphology

अवध्यानाम् (avadhyānām) - of those who ought not to be killed (of those who should not be killed, of the inviolable ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, inviolable, forbidden to be slain

Gerundive (ṇyat)

Negative prefix a- + vadhyā (Gerundive of root vadh).

Compound type : nañ tatpuruṣa (a+vadhya)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
• vadhya – to be killed, deserving to be killed
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root vadh (to strike, kill).
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'people' implicitly.

वधम् (vadham) - slaughter (slaughter, killing, death, punishment)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - slaughter, killing, death, punishment

From root vadh (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'paśyan'.

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing (seeing, looking, perceiving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, looking, perceiving

Present Active Participle

From root dṛś (to see), with the stem paśya- in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - king of natural law (dharma) (king of dharma, king of righteousness, Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of dharma (natural law, righteousness, duty); an epithet for Yudhishthira

Compound of dharma (natural law) + rāja (king).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, sustain).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root rāj (to rule, shine).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: In apposition to Yudhishthira.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle; Yudhishthira (the eldest Pandava)

From yudhi (locative of yudh - battle) + sthira (firm, steady).

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

निष्टनन् (niṣṭanan) - groaning (groaning, sighing, uttering a deep sound)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niṣṭanat

niṣṭanat - groaning, sighing, uttering a deep sound

Present Active Participle

From prefix niṣ + root stan (to thunder, groan).

Prefix: niṣ

Root: stan (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhimasena (Bhimasena (Bhima))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (Bhima, one of the Pandavas)

Compound of Bhīma (terrible) + senā (army).

Compound type : karmadhāraya / tatpuruṣa (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable; name of Bhima
  adjective (masculine)
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

विजयम् (vijayam) - Vijaya (Arjuna) (victory, triumph; name of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph; a name of Arjuna

From prefix vi + root ji (to conquer).

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the following speech) (this, this speech)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said, told)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Root verb.

Root: bru (class 2)