महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-151, verse-21

यस्मिन्यत्नः कृतोऽस्माभिः स नो हीनः प्रयत्नतः ।
अकृते तु प्रयत्नेऽस्मानुपावृत्तः कलिर्महान् ॥२१॥

21. yasminyatnaḥ kṛto'smābhiḥ sa no hīnaḥ prayatnataḥ ,
akṛte tu prayatne'smānupāvṛttaḥ kalirmahān.

21. yasmin yatnaḥ kṛtaḥ asmābhiḥ saḥ naḥ hīnaḥ prayatnataḥ
akṛte tu prayatne asmān upāvṛttaḥ kaliḥ mahān

21. yasmin asmābhiḥ yatnaḥ kṛtaḥ,
saḥ naḥ prayatnataḥ hīnaḥ (abhūt); tu akṛte prayatne,
mahān kaliḥ asmān upāvṛttaḥ

21. The matter for which we made an effort, even that proved deficient for us despite our exertion. But when no effort is made at all, the great Age of Strife (kali) has returned upon us.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which, on which, when

• यत्नः (yatnaḥ) - effort, exertion, endeavor

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, done, performed

• अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• नः (naḥ) - for us, our, to us

• हीनः (hīnaḥ) - deficient, abandoned, fallen, inferior

• प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - due to effort, from effort

• अकृते (akṛte) - when not done, when not made

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• प्रयत्ने (prayatne) - in effort, when effort is made

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• उपावृत्तः (upāvṛttaḥ) - returned, come back, approached

• कलिः (kaliḥ) - the great Age of Strife (kali) (the age of strife, the fourth and worst age of the world)

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which, on which, when

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

यत्नः (yatnaḥ) - effort, exertion, endeavor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, painstaking care

Root: yat (class 1)

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, done, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, created

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'yatnaḥ'.

अस्माभिः (asmābhiḥ) - by us

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the outcome or the effort itself.

नः (naḥ) - for us, our, to us

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic pronoun, here functions as dative 'for us'.

हीनः (hīnaḥ) - deficient, abandoned, fallen, inferior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - deficient, abandoned, fallen, inferior, lacking

Past Passive Participle

From root hā (to abandon, forsake)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - due to effort, from effort

(indeclinable)

Root: yat (class 1)

अकृते (akṛte) - when not done, when not made

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of akṛta

akṛta - not done, not made, unaccomplished

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negative prefix 'a-' + kṛta (done). From root kṛ (to do, make)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṛta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'prayatne'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction indicating contrast.

प्रयत्ने (prayatne) - in effort, when effort is made

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prayatna

prayatna - effort, exertion, endeavor

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'akṛte'.

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

उपावृत्तः (upāvṛttaḥ) - returned, come back, approached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāvṛtta

upāvṛtta - returned, come back, approached

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt (to turn, be) with upasargas upa and ā

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kaliḥ'.

कलिः (kaliḥ) - the great Age of Strife (kali) (the age of strife, the fourth and worst age of the world)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kali

kali - the fourth and worst of the four ages of the world, strife, contention, quarrel, the demon of the Kali Age

Note: Refers to Kali Yuga or general strife/misfortune.

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, mighty, large, eminent

Note: Agrees with 'kaliḥ'.