महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-151, verse-20

यदर्थं वनवासश्च प्राप्तं दुःखं च यन्मया ।
सोऽयमस्मानुपैत्येव परोऽनर्थः प्रयत्नतः ॥२०॥

20. yadarthaṁ vanavāsaśca prāptaṁ duḥkhaṁ ca yanmayā ,
so'yamasmānupaityeva paro'narthaḥ prayatnataḥ.

20. yadartham vanavāsaḥ ca prāptam duḥkham ca yat mayā
saḥ ayam asmān upaiti eva paraḥ anarthaḥ prayatnataḥ

20. yat mayā duḥkham ca vanavāsaḥ ca yadartham prāptam
saḥ ayam paraḥ anarthaḥ prayatnataḥ eva asmān upaiti

20. That ultimate calamity (anartha) for which I underwent forest exile and all that suffering, now approaches us despite all our effort.

Words meanings summery:

• यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for which purpose (for which purpose, on account of which, for whose sake)

• वनवासः (vanavāsaḥ) - forest exile (forest dwelling, exile to the forest)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - undergone (obtained, undergone, reached)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, misery, pain, sorrow)

• यत् (yat) - which (which, that (relative pronoun))

• मया (mayā) - by me

• सः (saḥ) - that (referring to the calamity) (that, he)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (current situation) (this, he)

• अस्मान् (asmān) - us

• उपैति (upaiti) - approaches (approaches, comes near, obtains)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, just, certainly, only)

• परः (paraḥ) - ultimate, supreme (supreme, ultimate, great, highest, other)

• अनर्थः (anarthaḥ) - calamity (anartha) (misfortune, calamity, evil, distress)

• प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - despite all our effort (with effort, diligently, carefully)

Words meanings and morphology

यदर्थम् (yadartham) - for which purpose (for which purpose, on account of which, for whose sake)

(indeclinable)

Compound of yat (which) + artha (purpose).

Compound type : avyayībhāva / tatpuruṣa (yat+artha)

• yat – which, that (relative pronoun)
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

वनवासः (vanavāsaḥ) - forest exile (forest dwelling, exile to the forest)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vanavāsa

vanavāsa - forest dwelling, residence in a forest, exile to the forest

Compound of vana (forest) + vāsa (dwelling).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence
  noun (masculine)
  From root vas (to dwell).
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied 'was'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - undergone (obtained, undergone, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, undergone, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra + root āp (to obtain, reach).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, misery, pain, sorrow)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, pain, sorrow, unhappiness

Etymology disputed; likely from dur- (bad) + kha (axle hole, indicating imbalance).

Note: Subject of an implied 'was'.

यत् (yat) - which (which, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun.

Note: Also acts as relative pronoun for `vanavāsaḥ`.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

First person pronoun.

सः (saḥ) - that (referring to the calamity) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `anarthaḥ`.

अयम् (ayam) - this (current situation) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

अस्मान् (asmān) - us

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

First person pronoun.

उपैति (upaiti) - approaches (approaches, comes near, obtains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upa-i

From prefix upa + root i (to go).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (indeed, just, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

An emphatic particle.

परः (paraḥ) - ultimate, supreme (supreme, ultimate, great, highest, other)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, ultimate, great, highest, other, next

अनर्थः (anarthaḥ) - calamity (anartha) (misfortune, calamity, evil, distress)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, calamity, evil, distress, nonsense

Negative prefix a- + artha (purpose, good, wealth).

Compound type : nañ tatpuruṣa (a+artha)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
• artha – purpose, good, wealth, meaning
  noun (masculine)

प्रयत्नतः (prayatnataḥ) - despite all our effort (with effort, diligently, carefully)

(indeclinable)

From prayatna (effort) + suffix -tas.

Note: Expresses 'by means of' or 'in spite of' the effort.