महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-151, verse-16

तच्छ्रुत्वा पार्थिवाः सर्वे वासुदेवस्य भाषितम् ।
अब्रुवन्तो मुखं राज्ञः समुदैक्षन्त भारत ॥१६॥

16. tacchrutvā pārthivāḥ sarve vāsudevasya bhāṣitam ,
abruvanto mukhaṁ rājñaḥ samudaikṣanta bhārata.

16. tat śrutvā pārthivāḥ sarve vāsudevasya bhāṣitam
abruvantaḥ mukham rājñaḥ samudaikṣanta bhārata

16. (he) bhārata,
vāsudevasya tat bhāṣitam śrutvā,
sarve pārthivāḥ abruvantaḥ (santaḥ) rājñaḥ mukham samudaikṣanta.

16. Having heard Vāsudeva's speech, all the kings, without speaking, looked towards the king's (Yudhisthira's) face, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (speech) (that, it)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - the kings (kings, princes)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, whole, every)

• वासुदेवस्य (vāsudevasya) - of Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - speech (speech, spoken word)

• अब्रुवन्तः (abruvantaḥ) - without speaking (not speaking, silent)

• मुखम् (mukham) - face (face, mouth, entrance)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (Yudhisthira) (of the king)

• समुदैक्षन्त (samudaikṣanta) - they looked at (they looked, they beheld, they observed)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (speech) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the speech (bhāṣitam).

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Indeclinable participle (absolutive) formed from root śru-

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Connects the act of hearing to the main verb.

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - the kings (kings, princes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, king, prince

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

Note: Subject of the main verb.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, whole, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Agrees with pārthivāḥ.

वासुदेवस्य (vāsudevasya) - of Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Kṛṣṇa

Patronymic from Vasudeva

Note: Possessive, describes 'bhāṣitam'.

भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - speech (speech, spoken word)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhāṣita

bhāṣita - spoken, said, speech

Past Passive Participle

From root bhāṣ- (to speak)

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

अब्रुवन्तः (abruvantaḥ) - without speaking (not speaking, silent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abruvant

abruvant - not speaking, silent

Present Active Participle (negative)

From root brū- (to speak) with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bruvant)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• bruvant – speaking
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root brū- (to speak)
  Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Describes the kings (pārthivāḥ).

मुखम् (mukham) - face (face, mouth, entrance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, principal, front

Note: Object of 'samudaikṣanta'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king (Yudhisthira) (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Describes 'mukham'. Refers to Yudhisthira.

समुदैक्षन्त (samudaikṣanta) - they looked at (they looked, they beheld, they observed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of īkṣ

Imperfect tense, third person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada) with prefixes sam- and ud-

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, pertaining to India

Patronymic from Bharata

Note: Traditional address in the Mahabharata.